A252 GRADE 3 Dhuumaha Birta ee Qadadka Bullaacaduhu
Dunida naqshadeynta injineernimada iyo dhismaha, haysashada tubooyinka birta ee la isku halayn karo oo la isku halleyn karo waa muhiim.A252 GRADE 3 tuubooyin bir ah ayaa si fiican ugu habboon sharraxaaddan, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo tuubooyinka birta guud ahaan warshadaha.Awoodeeda sare iyo iska caabinta daxalka, tuubada birta ahi waxay keenaysaa kacaan aan hore loo arag oo lagu dhisayo dhuumaha bulaacada.
A252 GRADE 3 tuubo bir ahwaxaa lagu yaqaanaa in ay xoog xajinayso oo aad u saraysa, oo dhaaftay noocyada kale ee dhuumaha birta ah.Waxay leedahay adkaysi weyn iyo iska caabin cadaadis, hubinta xasilloonida qaabdhismeedka heer sare ah.Sifadan ayaa si gaar ah muhiim u ah halka khadadka bulaacaduhu ay saaran yihiin culaysyo waaweyn si loo hubiyo waxqabad la isku halayn karo oo waara.Xirfadlayaasha injineernimada waxay aamini karaan tuubada birta ah si ay ugu adkeystaan xaaladaha ugu adag.
Muuqaal kale oo gaar ah oo ah A252 Fasalka 3 tuubooyinka birta ayaa ah daaweynta dusha sare.Si loo hubiyo tayada sare, tuubooyinka si taxadar leh ayaa loo daaweeyaa si looga hortago oksaydhka iyo daxalka.Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in tuubku uu ka shaqayn karo jawi aad u wasakhaysan sida badaha, swamps iyo dhirta kiimikaad iyada oo aan waxba loo dhimayn waxqabadkeeda.Adkaynta dusha tuubada ayaa ka dhigaysa doorasho aad u fiican mashaariicda u baahan iska caabin sare oo daxalka.
Dhexdhexaad Dibadeed cayiman (D) | Dhumucda gidaarka ee la cayimay mm | Cadaadiska tijaabada ugu yar (Mpa) | ||||||||||
Heerka Birta | ||||||||||||
in | mm | L210(A) | L245(B) | L290(X42) | L320(X46) | L360 (X52) | L390(X56) | L415(X60) | L450(X65) | L485(X70) | L555(X80) | |
8-5/8 | 219.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 |
7.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10.0 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
9-5/8 | 244.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 19.3 |
7.0 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10.0 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10-3/4 | 273.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 17.3 |
7.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10.0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 18.1 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
12-3/4 | 323.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.6 |
7.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.4 | ||
10.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(325.0) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.5 | |
7.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.3 | ||
10.0 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
13-3/8 | 339.7 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13.9 |
8.0 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 20.7 | ||
12.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
14 | 355.6 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 15.9 |
8.0 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | ||
12.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(377.0) | 6.0 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 15.0 | |
8.0 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 20.0 | ||
12.0 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
16 | 406.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.9 |
8.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | ||
12.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 14.6 | 16.1 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(426.0) | 6.0 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.3 | |
8.0 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 17.7 | ||
12.0 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
18 | 457.0 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12.4 |
8.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 16.5 | ||
12.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
20 | 508.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 11.8 |
8.0 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 15.7 | ||
12.0 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | ||
16.0 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 16.4 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(529.0) | 6.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 11.3 | |
9.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.0 | ||
12.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | ||
14.0 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
16.0 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
22 | 559.0 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 |
9.0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 16.1 | ||
12.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 20.7 | ||
14.0 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
19.1 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
22.2 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
24 | 610.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.8 |
9.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 14.7 | ||
12.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 19.7 | ||
14.0 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | ||
19.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 17.9 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
25.4 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(630.0) | 6.0 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 9.5 | |
9.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 14.3 | ||
12.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 | ||
16.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
19.1 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
25.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 |
Kala duwanaanshaha tuubada birta ee A252 Fasalka 3 waxaa lagu caddeeyey codsigeeda ballaaran.Marka laga soo tago saameynta ay ku leedahay dhismaha bullaacadaha, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa warshado kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin saliidda iyo gaasta, daaweynta biyaha iyo mashaariicda kaabayaasha.Kala duwanaanshahan ayaa ka dhigaya doorashada koowaad ee injineerada iyo qandaraaslayaasha raadinaya xalal la isku halleyn karo oo wax ku ool ah tuubooyinka birta ee mashruucyadooda.
Marka ay timaadobullaacadahalinedhismaha, A252 Fasalka 3 tuubooyinka birta taagan.Awoodeeda sare iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ayaa ka dhigaysa mid ka duwan tuubooyinka birta ee kale ee suuqa.Markaad dooranayso tuubada noocaan ah, injineeradu waxay ku kalsoonaan karaan in mashruucooda uu u istaagi doono tijaabada wakhtiga, hubinta adkaysiga iyo joogtaynta naqshadeeda.
Marka la soo koobo, A252 GRADE 3 tube bir ah waa beddelka ciyaarta dhismaha tuubooyinka bullaacadaha oo leh dhismo alxan leh oo laba geesood ah.Itaalkeeda adag ee adag iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ayaa ka dhigaysa doorasho ku habboon injineerada raadinaya xalal la isku halleyn karo oo birta ah.Hadday tahay xasilloonida qaab-dhismeed ama baahida loo qabo in loo adkaysto bay'adaha daxalka badan, tuubada birta ahi way dhaaftay wixii la filayey.Isku duub A252 GRADE 3 tuubo bir ah oo khibrad tayada aan la barbar dhigi karin ee ay u keento shaqadaada injineernimada.