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    API 5L 46aad Gaarka ah ee Daabacaadda Khadka

    API 5L 46aad Gaarka ah ee Daabacaadda 46aad ee Baaxadda Dhuumaha Khadka Sawirka
    • API 5L 46aad Gaarka ah ee Daabacaadda Khadka

    Sharaxaad Gaaban:

    Waxa la cayimay soo saarista laba heer oo wax soo saar ah (PSL1 iyo PSL2) oo ah tuubo bir ah oo aan xidhnayn oo alxan leh oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka dhuumaha gaadiidka ee batroolka iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah.Isticmaalka agabka ee codsiga adeega dhanaan tixraac lifaaqa H iyo codsiga adeega xeebaha tixraac lifaaqa J ee API5L 45th.


    Faahfaahinta Alaabta

    Tags Product

    Xaaladda gaarsiinta

    PSL Xaaladda gaarsiinta Heerka tuubada
    PSL1 Sida-duuban, caadi loo sameeyay, caadi loo sameeyay

    A
    Sida-duuban, Caadiye duuban, Heerkulbeeg giringiran, heerkulbeeg farsamaysan oo sameeyay, caadi samayn sameeyay, caadiyeeyay, caadiyeeyay oo xanaaqsan ama haddii lagu heshiiyo Q&T SMLS kaliya

    B
    Sida-duuban, caadi isu-dubbarid, heerkulbeeg giraantiran, heerkulbeeg-machanical sameeyay, caadi samaysmay, caadiyeeyay, caadiyeeyay oo dabcay. X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70
    PSL 2 Sida-duuban

    BR, X42R
    Caadiye duuban, caadi ka dhigid la sameeyay, caadi la sameeyay ama caadi laga dhigay oo xanaaqsan BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
    Demiyey oo xanaaqsan BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
    Thermomechanical giringiriyey ama heerkulbeeg ayaa sameeyay BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M
    Thermomechanical duuban X90M, X100M, X120M
    Ku filan (R, N, Q ama M) ee darajooyinka PSL2, waxaa iska leh darajada birta

    Dalbashada Macluumaadka

    Amarka wax iibsiga waa inuu ku jiraa tirada, heerka PSL, nooca ama Fasalka, tixraaca API5L, dhexroorka ka baxsan, dhumucda gidaarka, dhererka iyo lifaaq kasta oo lagu dabaqi karo ama shuruudo dheeraad ah oo la xidhiidha ka kooban kiimikaad, qalabka farsamada, daaweynta kulaylka, tijaabin dheeraad ah, habka wax soo saarka, dahaarka dusha sare ama dhamaadka dhamaadka.

    Habka caadiga ah ee wax soo saarka

    Nooca Dhuumaha

    PSL 1

    PSL 2
    Darajada A Darajada B X42 ilaa X70 B ilaa X80 X80 ilaa X100
    SMLS

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LFW

    ü

    ü

    ü
    HFW

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LW

    ü
    SAWL

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SAWH

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SMLS - Xumaan la'aan, alxan la'aan

    LFW - Tuubooyin alxanka oo soo noqnoqonaya oo hooseeya, <70 kHz

    HFW - tuubo alxanka inta jeer ee ugu sareysa,>70 kHz

    SAWL - alxanka qotoma ee alxanka hoostiisa

    SAWH - alxanka hoostiisa-arc helical alxanka

    Qalabka bilowga ah

    Xirmooyinka, ubaxyada, biishashyada, gariiradaha ama taarikada loo isticmaalo soo saarista tuubada waa in lagu sameeyaa hababka soo socda, ogsijiinta aasaasiga ah, foornada korontada ama dabka furan oo ay weheliso habka sifaynta saqafka.PSL2, birta waa in la dilo oo la dhalaalin doonaa si waafaqsan hab-dhaqan wanaagsan oo hadhuudh ah.Gariiradda ama saxanka loo isticmaalo tuubada PSL2 waa in aanay ku jirin alxanka dayactirka ah.

    Halabuurka Kiimikada ee tuubada PSL 1 oo leh t ≤ 0.984 ″

    Heerka Birta

    Jajabka tirada badan,% ku salaysan kulaylka iyo falanqaynta alaabta a,g

    C

    max b

    Mn

    max b

    P

    max

    S

    max

    V

    max

    Nb

    max

    Ti

    max

    Dhuumaha aan Xumaan lahayn

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.28

    1.20

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.28

    1.30

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    Dhuumaha alxanka leh

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.26

    1.2

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.26

    1.3

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.26 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.26 e

    1.45 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.26e

    1.65 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f
    1. Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni;≤ 0.50%;Cr ≤ 0.50%;iyo Mo ≤ 0.15%
    2. Hoos u dhac kasta oo ah 0.01% oo ka hooseeya heerka ugu sarreeya.fiirsashada kaarboonka, iyo korodhka 0.05% ee ka sarreeya xadka la cayimay.U fiirsashada Mn waa la ogol yahay, ilaa ugu badnaan.ee 1.65% ee darajooyinka ≥ B, laakiin ≤ = X52;ilaa ugu badnaanee 1.75% ee darajooyinka> X52, laakiin
    3. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin NB + V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%
    5. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin.
    6. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    7. Wax si ula kac ah loogu daro B lama ogola inta soo hadhayna B ≤ 0.001%

    Halabuurka Kiimikada ee tuubada PSL 2 oo leh t ≤ 0.984 ″

    Heerka Birta

    Jajabka tirada badan, % ku salaysan kulaylka iyo falanqaynta alaabta

    Kaarboon Equiv a

    C

    max b

    Si

    max

    Mn

    max b

    P

    max

    S

    max

    V

    max

    Nb

    max

    Ti

    max

    Mid kale

    CE IIW

    max

    CE PCm

    max

    Dhuumaha aan sinaba alxan lahayn

    BR

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42R

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    BN

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60N

    0.24f

    0.45f

    1.40f

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05f

    0.04f

    g,h,l

    Sidii lagu heshiiyey

    BQ

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56Q

    0.18

    0.45f

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.80f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.90f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    Sidii lagu heshiiyey

    X90Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Sidii lagu heshiiyey

    X100Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Sidii lagu heshiiyey

    Dhuumaha alxanka leh

    BM

    0.22

    0.45

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56M

    0.22

    0.45f

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.85f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    .043f

    0.25

    X90M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    -

    0.25

    X100M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    -

    0.25
    1. SMLS t>0.787”, Xadka CE waa in loo noqdaa sidii lagu heshiiyey.Xadka CEIIW ayaa lagu dabaqay fi C> 0.12% iyo xadka CEPcm ayaa khuseeya haddii C ≤ 0.12%
    2. Hoos u dhac kasta oo ah 0.01% oo ka hooseeya heerka ugu sarreeya.fiirsashada kaarboonka, iyo korodhka 0.05% ee ka sarreeya xadka la cayimay.U fiirsashada Mn waa la ogol yahay, ilaa ugu badnaan.ee 1.65% ee darajooyinka ≥ B, laakiin ≤ = X52;ilaa ugu badnaanee 1.75% ee darajooyinka> X52, laakiin
    3. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin Nb = V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    5. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin, Cu ≤ 0.50%;Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% iyo Mo ≤ 0.15%
    6. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin
    7. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%
    8. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% iyo MO ≤ 0.50%
    9. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% iyo MO ≤ 0.50%
    10. B ≤ 0.004%
    11. Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% iyo MO ≤ 0.80%
    12. Dhammaan darajooyinka tuubooyinka PSL 2 marka laga reebo darajooyinka hoose ee j la xusay, kuwan soo socda ayaa khuseeya.Haddii aan si kale lagu heshiin lama ogola ku darida ulakac B iyo haraaga B ≤ 0.001%.

    Xoojinta iyo Wax-soosaarka - PSL1 iyo PSL2

    Heerka Dhuumaha

    Guryaha Tensile - Jirka Dhuumaha ee SMLS iyo Tubooyinka alxanka PSL 1

    Tollida Dhuumaha alxanka

    Xoogga Wax-soo-saarka a

    Rt0,5PSI Min

    Xooga Jilicsan a

    Rm PSI Min

    Dheeraynta

    (gudaha 2in Af % daqiiqo)

    Xooga Jilicsan b

    Rm PSI Min

    A

    30,500

    48,600

    c

    48,600

    B

    35,500

    60,200

    c

    60,200

    X42

    42,100

    60,200

    c

    60,200

    X46

    46,400

    63,100

    c

    63,100

    X52

    52,200

    66,700

    c

    66,700

    X56

    56,600

    71,100

    c

    71,100

    X60

    60,200

    75,400

    c

    75,400

    X65

    65,300

    77,500

    c

    77,500

    X70

    70,300

    82,700

    c

    82,700
    a.Darajada dhexe, faraqa u dhexeeya xoogga xajinta ugu yar ee la cayimay iyo wax-soosaarka ugu yar ee la cayimay ee jidhka biibiile waa in loo bixiyaa sida fasalka sare ee xiga.

    b.Darajooyinka dhexe, xoogga xajinta ugu yar ee la cayimay ee tolida alxanka waa in ay la mid noqotaa sida loo go'aamiyay jirka iyadoo la isticmaalayo qoraalka cagta a.

    c.Kordhinta ugu yar ee la cayimay, Af, lagu muujiyey boqolkiiba oo lagu soo koobay boqolkiiba ugu dhow, waa in lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo isla'egta soo socota:

    Halka C uu yahay 1 940 xisaabinta iyadoo la adeegsanayo unugyada Si iyo 625 000 xisaabinta iyadoo la adeegsanayo cutubyada USC

    Axcwaa ta lagu dabaqi karo gabal tijaabo xajin ah oo aag iskutallaabta ah, oo lagu muujiyey milimitir laba jibaaran (inji laba jibaaran) , sidan soo socota

    - Qaybo tijaabo ah oo iskutallaab ah oo wareeg ah, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) ee 12.7 mm (0.500 in) iyo 8.9 mm (.350 in) qaybaha tijaabada dhexroor;iyo 65 mm2(0.10 in2) ee 6.4 mm (0.250in) qaybaha tijaabada dhexroorka.

    - Qaybaha tijaabada ah ee buuxa, ka yar ee a) 485 mm2(0.75 inji)2) iyo b) aagga isdhaafka ah ee qaybta tijaabada, oo laga soo qaatay iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhexroorka dibadda ee la cayimay iyo dhumucda gidaarka la cayimay ee tuubada, oo lagu soo koobay 10 mm ee ugu dhow.2(0.10in2)

    - Qaybaha tijaabada xariijimaha, ka yar ee a) 485 mm2(0.75 inji)2) iyo b) aagga isdhaafka ah ee qaybta tijaabada, oo laga soo qaatay iyada oo la adeegsanayo ballaca la cayimay ee gabalka tijaabada iyo dhumucda gidaarka la cayimay ee tuubada, oo lagu soo koobay 10 mm ee ugu dhow.2(0.10in2)

    U waa xoogga xajinta ugu yar ee la cayimay, oo lagu muujiyey megapascals (pounds per square)

    Heerka Dhuumaha

    Guryaha Tensile - Jirka Dhuumaha ee SMLS iyo Tubooyinka alxanka PSL 2

    Tollida Dhuumaha alxanka

    Xoogga Wax-soo-saarka a

    Rt0,5PSI Min

    Xooga Jilicsan a

    Rm PSI Min

    Saamiga a,c

    R10,5IRm

    Dheeraynta

    (2 inin)

    Af %

    Xooga Jilicsan d

    Rm(psi)

    Ugu yar

    Ugu badnaan

    Ugu yar

    Ugu badnaan

    Ugu badnaan

    Ugu yar

    Ugu yar
    BR, BN, BQ, BM

    35,500

    65,300

    60,200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60,200
    X42,X42R,X2Q,X42M

    42,100

    71,800

    60,200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60,200
    X46N,X46Q,X46M

    46,400

    76,100

    63,100

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    63,100
    X52N,X52Q,X52M

    52,200

    76,900

    66,700

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    66,700
    X56N,X56Q,X56M

    56,600

    79,000

    71,100

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    71,100
    X60N,X60Q,S60M

    60,200

    81,900

    75,400

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    75,400
    X65Q,X65M

    65,300

    87,000

    77,600

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    76,600
    X70Q,X65M

    70,300

    92,100

    82,700

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    82,700
    X80Q,X80M

    80,.500

    102,300

    90,600

    119,700

    0.93

    f

    90,600
    a.Darajada dhexe, tixraac qeexida API5L oo buuxda.

    b.ee darajooyinka> X90 tixraac faahfaahinta API5L oo dhan.

    c.Xadkaani wuxuu khuseeyaa pies leh D> 12.750 in

    d.Darajooyinka dhexe, xoogga xajinta ugu yar ee la cayimay ee tolida alxanka waa in ay la mid noqoto sida loo go'aamiyay jirka tuubada iyadoo la isticmaalayo cag a.

    e.tuubada u baahan tijaabada dheer, awooda waxsoosaarku ugu badnaan waa ≤ 71,800 psi

    f.Kordhinta ugu yar ee la cayimay, Af, lagu muujiyey boqolkiiba oo lagu soo koobay boqolkiiba ugu dhow, waa in lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo isla'egta soo socota:

    Halka C uu yahay 1 940 xisaabinta iyadoo la adeegsanayo unugyada Si iyo 625 000 xisaabinta iyadoo la adeegsanayo cutubyada USC

    Axcwaa ta lagu dabaqi karo gabal tijaabo xajin ah oo aag iskutallaabta ah, oo lagu muujiyey milimitir laba jibaaran (inji laba jibaaran) , sidan soo socota

    - Qaybo tijaabo ah oo iskutallaab ah oo wareeg ah, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) ee 12.7 mm (0.500 in) iyo 8.9 mm (.350 in) qaybaha tijaabada dhexroor;iyo 65 mm2(0.10 in2) ee 6.4 mm (0.250in) qaybaha tijaabada dhexroorka.

    - Qaybaha tijaabada ah ee buuxa, ka yar ee a) 485 mm2(0.75 inji)2) iyo b) aagga isdhaafka ah ee qaybta tijaabada, oo laga soo qaatay iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhexroorka dibadda ee la cayimay iyo dhumucda gidaarka la cayimay ee tuubada, oo lagu soo koobay 10 mm ee ugu dhow.2(0.10in2)

    - Qaybaha tijaabada xariijimaha, ka yar ee a) 485 mm2(0.75 inji)2) iyo b) aagga isdhaafka ah ee qaybta tijaabada, oo laga soo qaatay iyada oo la adeegsanayo ballaca la cayimay ee gabalka tijaabada iyo dhumucda gidaarka la cayimay ee tuubada, oo lagu soo koobay 10 mm ee ugu dhow.2(0.10in2)

    U waa xoogga xajinta ugu yar ee la cayimay, oo lagu muujiyay megapascals (pounds per square inch

    g.Qiimaha hoose ee R10,5IRm waa la cayimi karaa heshiis

    h.ee darajooyinka> x90 tixraac qeexida API5L oo buuxa.

    Baaritaanka Hydrostatic

    Dhuumaha si ay ugu adkeystaan ​​baarista hydrostatic iyada oo aan laga daadan tolleynta alxanka ama jirka tuubada.Isku-xirayaashu uma baahna in la tijaabiyo biyo-staatig ah haddii qaybaha tuubooyinka la isticmaalo si guul leh loo tijaabiyey.

    Qallooci Tijaabada

    Ma jiraan wax dildilaac ah oo ka dhaca qayb ka mid ah qaybta tijaabada oo aan la furin alxanka waa inay dhacaan.

    Tijaabada fidsan

    Shuruudaha oggolaanshaha ee imtixaanka sabbaynta waa inay ahaataa
    a) Tuubooyinka EW D<12.750 in
    -≥ X60 oo leh T≥0.500in, waa in aan la furin alxanka ka hor inta masaafada u dhaxaysa taarikada ay ka yar tahay 66% dhexroorka dibadda ee asalka ah.Dhammaan darajooyinka iyo darbiga, 50%.
    -Tuubka leh D/t> 10, waa in aan la furin alxanka ka hor inta masaafada u dhaxaysa taarikada aysan ka yarayn 30% dhexroorka dibadda ee asalka ah.
    b) Cabirrada kale tixraac qeexida API5L oo dhan

    Tijaabada saamaynta CVN ee PSL2

    Cabbirrada tuubooyinka PSL2 iyo darajooyin badan ayaa u baahan CVN.Dhuumaha aan xumaanta lahayn waa in lagu tijaabiyaa jirka.Dhuumaha alxanka leh waa in lagu tijaabiyaa Jidhka, Alxanka Tubta iyo aagga kulaylka saameeya (HAZ).Tixraac qeexitaanka API5L oo buuxa ee jaantuska cabbirrada iyo darajooyinka iyo qiimayaasha tamarta la nuugo ee loo baahan yahay.

    Dulqaadyada ka baxsan dhexroorka, Ka baxsan wareegga iyo dhumucda derbiga

    Dhexroorka Dibadeed ee cayiman (gudaha)

    Dulqaadka dhexroorka, inji d

    Dulqaad-ka-baxsan ee gudaha

    Dhuumaha marka laga reebo dhamaadka a

    Dhamaadka tuubada a,b,c

    Dhuumaha marka laga reebo Dhamaadka a

    Dhuunta Dhamaadka a,b,c

    Dhuumaha SMLS

    Dhuumaha alxanka leh

    Dhuumaha SMLS

    Dhuumaha alxanka leh

    < 2.375

    -0.031 ilaa +0.016

    - 0.031 ilaa + 0.016

    0.048

    0.036

    ≥2.375 ilaa 6.625

    +/- 0.0075D

    		 - 0.016 ilaa + 0.063

    0.020D ee

    Sida lagu heshiiyey

    0.015D ee

    Sida lagu heshiiyey

    > 6.625 ilaa 24.000

    +/- 0.0075D

    +/- 0.0075D, laakiin ugu badnaan 0.125

    +/- 0.005D, laakiin ugu badnaan 0.063

    0.020D

    0.015D

    > 24 ilaa 56

    +/- 0.01D

    +/- 0.005D laakiin ugu badnaan 0.160

    +/- 0.079

    +/- 0.063

    0.015D laakiin ugu badnaan 0.060

    Waayo

    Heshiis

    waayo

    0.01D laakiin ugu badnaan 0.500

    Waayo

    Heshiis

    waayo
    >56 Sidii lagu heshiiyey
    1. Dhamaadka tuubada waxaa ku jira dhererka 4 ee la cunay mid kasta oo ka mid ah cidhifyada tuubada
    2. Tuubbada SMLS dulqaadku waxa uu dalbanayaa t≤0.984in iyo dulqaadka tuubada dhumucdiisuna waxay noqon doontaa sidii lagu heshiiyey.
    3. Tuubooyinka la balaariyay ee leh D≥8.625in iyo tuubada aan ballaarin, dulqaadka dhexroorka iyo dulqaadka ka baxsan-wareegga waxaa lagu go'aamin karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhexroorka la xisaabiyay ama lagu cabiray dhexroorka gudaha halkii OD la cayimay.
    4. Si loo go'aamiyo u hoggaansanaanta dulqaadka dhexroorka, dhexroorka tuubada waxaa lagu qeexaa sida wareegga tuubada ee diyaarad kasta oo wareeg ah oo ay u qaybiso Pi.

    Dhumucda gidaarka

    t inji

    Dulqaadka a

    inches

    Dhuumaha SMLS b

    ≤ 0.157

    + 0.024 / - 0.020

    > 0.157 ilaa <0.948

    + 0.150t / - 0.125t

    ≥ 0.984

    + 0.146 ama + 0.1t, hadba kan weyn

    - 0.120 ama - 0.1t, hadba kan weyn

    Dhuumaha alxanka leh c,d

    ≤ 0.197

    +/- 0.020
    0.197 ilaa <0.591

    +/- 0.1t

    ≥ 0.591

    +/- 0.060
    1. Haddii amarka iibsigu caddeeyo dulqaadka laga jaray dhumucda gidaarka oo ka yar qiimaha lagu dabaqi karo shaxdan, dulqaadka lagu daray dhumucda gidaarka waa in lagu kordhiyaa qadar ku filan si loo ilaaliyo xadka dulqaadka lagu dabaqi karo.
    2. Tuubooyinka leh D≥ 14.000 gudaha iyo t≥0.984in, dulqaadka dhumucda gidaarka gudaha waxa laga yaabaa inay ka badan tahay dulqaadka dhumucda gidaarka 0.05t dheeraad ah waase in dulqaadka lagu daray cufka aan la dhaafin.
    3. Dulqaadka dheeriga ah ee dhumucda gidaarada ma khusayso aagga alxanka
    4. Ka eeg faahfaahinta API5L oo dhan
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