Waardiyaha waarriga oo waarri kara tuubbada birta

Waardiyaha waarri kara ee loo yaqaan 'pipe' bir ee loo yaqaan 'pipe'

Sharraxaadda Gaaban:

Tuubkeenna birta ee waarriga ee waardiyaha ah ayaa injineer ah si loo hor istaago kuwa bulaacadaha iyo biyaha wasakhda ah. Dhismadeeda ayaa hufsanaysa xoog sare iyo cimri dheer, taasoo ka dhigaysa doorashada ugu habboon ee mashruucyada kaabayaashayaasha ee dalbaya isku halaynta iyo hufnaanta.

U dir emaylka

Si faahfaafo

Calaamadaha wax soo saarka

Dhexroor ka baxsan		Dhumucda darbiga (mm)
mm	In	6.0	7.0	8.0	9.0	10.0	11.0	12.0	13.0	14.0	15.0	16.0	18.0	20.0	22.0
mm	In	Miisaankii dhererkiiba (kg / m)
219.1	8-5 / 8	31.53	36.61	41.65
273.1	10-3 / 4	39.52	45.94	52.30
323.9	12-3 / 4	47.04	54.71	62.32	69.89	77.41
(325)		47.20	54.90	62.54	70.14	77.68
355.6	14	51.73	60.18	68.58	76.93	85.23
(377.0)		54.89	63.87	72.80	81.67	90.50
406.4	16	59.25	68.95	78.60	88.20	97.76	107.26	116.72
(426.0)		62.14	72.33	82.46	92.55	102.59	112.58	122.51
457	18	66.73	77.68	88.58	99.44	110.24	120.99	131.69
(478.0)		69.84	81.30	92.72	104.09	115.41	126.69	137.90
508.0	20	74.28	86.49	98.65	110.75	122.81	134.82	146.79	158.69	170.56
(529.0)		77.38	90.11	102.78	115.40	127.99	140.52	152.99	165.43	177.80
559.0	22	81.82	95.29	108.70	122.07	135.38	148.65	161.88	175.04	188.17
610.0	24	89.37	104.10	118.77	133.39	147.97	162.48	176.97	191.40	205.78
(630.0)		92.33	107.54	122.71	137.83	152.90	167.92	182.89	197.81	212.68
660.0	26	96.77	112.73	128.63	144.48	160.30	176.05	191.77	207.43	223.04
711.0	28	104.32	121.53	138.70	155.81	172.88	189.89	206.86	223.78	240.65	257.47	274.24
(720.0)		105.65	123.09	140.47	157.81	175.10	192.34	209.52	226.66	243.75	260.80	277.79
762.0	30	111.86	130.34	148.76	167.13	185.45	203.73	211.95	240.13	258.26	276.33	294.36
813.0	32	119.41	139.14	158.82	178.45	198.03	217.56	237.05	256.48	275.86	295.20	314.48
(820.0)		120.45	140.35	160.20	180.00	199.76	219.46	239.12	258.72	278.28	297.79	317.25
864.0	34		147.94	168.88	189.77	210.61	231.40	252.14	272.83	293.47	314.06	334.61
914.0	36			178.75	200.87	222.94	244.96	266.94	288.86	310.73	332.56	354.34
(920.0)				179.93	202.20	224.42	246.59	286.70	290.78	312.79	334.78	356.68
965.0	38			188.81	212.19	235.52	258.80	282.03	305.21	328.34	351.43	374.46
1016.0	40			198.87	223.51	248.09	272.63	297.12	321.56	345.95	370.29	394.58	443.02
(1020.0)				199.66	224.39	249.08	273.72	298.31	322.84	347.33	371.77	396.16	444.77
1067.0	42			208.93	234.83	260.67	286.47	312.21	337.91	363.56	389.16	414.71	465.66
118.0	44			218.99	246.15	273.25	300.30	327.31	354.26	381.17	408.02	343.83	488.30
1168.0	46			228.86	257.24	285.58	313.87	342.10	370.29	398.43	426.52	454.56	510.49
1219.0	48			238.92	268.56	298.16	327.70	357.20	386.64	416.04	445.39	474.68	553.13
(1220.0)				239.12	268.78	198.40	327.97	357.49	386.96	146.38	445.76	475.08	533.58
1321.0	52				291.20	323.31	327.97	387.38	449.34	451.26	483.12	514.93	578.41
(1420.0)						347.72	355.37	416.66	451.08	485.41	519.74	553.96	622.32	690.52
1422.0	56					348.22	382.23	417.27	451.72	486.13	520.48	554.97	623.25	691.51	759.58
1524.0	60					373.38	410.44	447.46	484.43	521.34	558.21	595.03	688.52	741.82	814.91
(1620.0)						397.03	436.48	457.84	515.20	554.46	593.73	623.87	711.11	789.12	867.00
1626.0	64					398.53	438.11	477.64	517.13	556.56	595.95	635.28	713.80	792.13	870.26
1727.0	68					423.44	465.51	507.53	549.51	591.43	633.31	675.13	758.64	841.94	925.05
(1820.0)						446.37	492.74	535.06	579.32	623.50	667.71	711.79	799.92	887.81	975.51
1829.0	72						493.18			626.65	671.04	714.20	803.92	890.77	980.39
1930.0	76									661.52	708.40	755.23	848.75	942.07	1035.19
(2020.0)										692.60	741.69	790.75	888.70	986.41	1084.02
2032.0	80									696.74	746.13	795.48	894.03	992.38	1090.53
(2220.0)										761.65	815.68	869.66	977.50	1085.80	1192.53
(2420.0)												948.58	1066.26	1183.75	1301.04
(2540.0)	100											995.93	1119.53	1242.94	1366.15
(284.0)	112											1116.28	1254.93	1393.37	1531.63

GabadhadeenaJadwalka tuubbada birta ee la jeexjeexayInjineerku wuxuu u adkeysan karaa adkeynta wasakhda iyo gaadiidka biyaha wasakhda ah. Dhismadeeda ayaa hufsanaysa xoog sare iyo cimri dheer, taasoo ka dhigaysa doorashada ugu habboon ee mashruucyada kaabayaashayaasha ee dalbaya isku halaynta iyo hufnaanta. Tiknolojiyadda alxanka ee alxanka ah ee aan isticmaalno inta lagu gudajiro howsha waxsoosaarka ayaa kor u qaadaya sharafta qaabdhismeedka ee tuubbada, taasoo u oggolaaneysa inay u adkeyso xaaladaha cadaadiska ee sareeya oo ay iska caabiyaan xasaasiyadda muddada-dheer.

Da'da meesha ay waartaan, kaabayaal hufan ay muhiim u tahay, tuubooyinkayagu waa xalka lagu kalsoonaan karo ee degmooyinka iyo shirkadaha dhismaha. Kaliya ma caawiyaan gaadiidka hufan ee bullaacadda bullaacadda iyo biyaha wasakhda ah, waxay sidoo kale gacan ka geystaan caafimaadka guud iyo badbaadada bulshada iyagoo hubinaya in qashinka si sax ah loo maareeyo.

Faa'iidada wax soo saarka

Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee tuubbada birta ee dharka lagu hayo waa xooggeeda. Hawsha alxanka ee wareega ayaa kor u qaadaya daacadnimada qaabdhismeedka ee tuubbada, taasoo u oggolaaneysa inay u adkeysato cadaadiska sareeya oo iska caabin ka dhigista caqabadaha. Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa iyaga inay si gaar ah ugu habboon yihiin codsiyada dhulka hoostiisa, halkaas oo dhaqdhaqaaqa carrada iyo culayska dibedda ay soo bandhigi karaan caqabado waaweyn.

Waarahooda waxay xaqiijineysaa nolol dheer, yareynta baahida loo qabo beddelaad iyo dayactir isdaba joog ah, taas oo ah qodobo qaali ah oo qaali ah oo loogu talagalay degmooyinka iyo shirkadaha dhismaha.

Wax soosaarka wax soo saarka

Habka wax soo saarka ee loogu talagalaytuubbada gogol-dhaaf ahWaxay noqon kartaa mid ka dhafan kara waqti kacsan oo ka-qaadashada noocyada kale ee tuubbada, taas oo ku dambayn karta kharash bilow ah.

In kasta oo tuubooyinkani ay u adkaysan karaan, iyagu gabi ahaanba kuma fekeraan hubka, gaar ahaan jawiga jaban. Qeyb ku habboon iyo dayactirku waa muhiim si loo ballaariyo noloshooda adeegga oo ay u xaqiijiyaan waxqabadka ugu habboon.

Isticmaal

Adduunyada dhismaha iyo dayactirka, agab yar ayaa muhiim u ah sidii tuubbada birta ee waarriga ah. Tuubooyinkaasi waxay ka badan yihiin uun shey kaliya; Iyagu waa laf dhabarta bullaacadda hufan ee hufan oo lagu kalsoonaan karo iyo kaabayaasha gaadiidka biyaha wasakhda ah ee lagu kalsoonaan karo. Dhismaha ay ku dhagan yihiin iyo cimrigooda sare ayaa ka dhiga kuwo ku habboon xaaladaha dalbashada ee nidaamyada bullaacadaha.

Tuubbooyinka birta ee loo yaqaan 'spal' birta loo yaqaan 'birta' birta loo yaqaan 'birta' Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa inay u doortaan dowladaha hoose ee degmooyinka iyo shirkadaha dhismaha ee diiradda lagu saaray dhisidda nidaamyada bullaacadda iyo kuwa dheer ee muddada-dheer. Tikniyoolajiyadda gaarka ah ee al-tikniyoolajiyadda ah waxay kor u qaadaa xoogga tuubooyinka, taasoo u oggolaaneysa inay iska caabiyaan xarkaha iyo baabi'inta muddada dheer, oo muhiim u ah joogtaynta jawiga magaalada.

Sida aan u sii wadno hal-abuurnimada oo aan hagaajino hanaankeena wax soo saarka, waxaan ku sii xoogayneynaa bixinta tuubada birta ee waarriga ah ee xalka lagu kalsoonaan karo ee kaabayaasha bullaacadaha. Balanqaadkeena tayada iyo damacayagu wuxuu xaqiijinayaa in badeecadeena aysan kaliya la kulmin laakiin heerarka warshadaha ee ka sareeya, oo naga dhigaysa lammaane aamin ah oo ku saabsan dhismaha iyo dayactirka nidaamyada biyaha wasakhda ah ee muhiimka ah.

Warqad maqas

Q1: Waa maxay tuubbada birta oo kale?

Burburinta birta ee loo yaqaan 'steel steel' waxaa sameeya xargaha dhinacyada ee is-riixida ah, taas oo siisa qaab dhismeedka adag oo waara. Qaabkan oo keliya uma kordhinayo xoogga tuubbada, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu u oggolaanayaa in lagu soo saaro dhex-dhexaadka waaweyn, taasoo ka dhigeysa mid ku habboon dalabyo kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan nidaamyada bullaacadaha.

Sababta ugu weyn ee loo xusho tuubooyinka birta ee khafiifka ah ee birta ku yaal nidaamyada bullaacadda bullaacadda bullaacadaha. Tuubooyinkan ayaa u adkeysan kara cadaadiska sare waxayna iska caabin karaan xasaasiyadda, hubinta in nolosha adeegga dheer xitaa xitaa deegaannada adag. Qaab dhismeedkooda adag ayaa laf dhabarta laf-dhabarta laf dhabarta bullaacadda iyo bullaacadaha iyo kaabayaasha biyaha lagu kalsoonaan karo iyo kaabayaasha biyaha lagu kalsoonaan karo.

Q3: Xagee bay tuubadaasi sameeyeen?

Waxay ku taalaa Cangzhou, gobolka Herici, shirkadeena ayaa hogaamiye ka ahaa soosaarka tuubooyinka birta ee isbadal sareeye laga soo bilaabo 1993 milyan oo sarbeer, Soo saarista tuubooyin tayo sare leh oo buuxiya heerarka warshadaha.