Tuubo Bir Madow oo Tayo Sare leh oo Ku Fiican Tuubooyinka

Tuubo Bir Madow oo Tayo Sare leh oo Ku Habboon Tuubooyinka Sawirka La Soo Bandhigay

Sharaxaad Gaaban:

Iyada oo leh 680 shaqaale xirfad leh, waxaan awood u leenahay inaan qabanno dalabaadka waaweyn annagoo ilaalinayna tayada macaamiisheennu ay filayaan. Tuubooyinkayaga birta madow ee tayada sare leh waxay bixiyaan waxqabad aad u wanaagsan, cimri dherer, waana doorasho dhaqaale ahaan loogu talagalay qandaraaslayaasha iyo injineerada.

Noo soo dir emayl

Faahfaahinta Badeecada

Calaamadaha Alaabta

Soo bandhigidda tuubooyinkayaga birta madow ee tayo sare leh, xalka ugu habboon dhammaan baahiyahaaga tuubooyinka. Waxaa lagu soo saaray warshaddayada casriga ah ee Cangzhou, Gobolka Hebei, waxaan ahayn magac lagu kalsoon yahay warshadaha tan iyo 1993. Iyada oo leh dhul warshadeed oo dhan 350,000 mitir oo laba jibbaaran iyo wadarta hantida RMB 680 milyan, waxaan ku faannaa ballanqaadkayaga tayada iyo hal-abuurka.

Tuubooyinkayaga birta ah ee laalaada ee wareegsan ayaa caan ku ah isku hallayntooda iyo cimri dhererkooda, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku habboon isticmaalka kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan gaadiidka saliidda iyo gaaska, tuulmooyinka tuubooyinka birta ah iyo tiirarka buundooyinka. Tuubo kasta si taxaddar leh ayaa loo sameeyay si loo hubiyo inay buuxiso heerarka ugu sarreeya ee warshadaha. Habka alxanka wareega ee gaarka ah wuxuu xoojiyaa xoogga iyo daacadnimada tuubada, taasoo u suurtagelinaysa inay u adkaysato xaaladaha adag ee jawiga adag.

Hadday tahay inaad si ammaan ah u rarto saliidda iyo gaaska ama aad u baahan tahay qaab-dhismeed taageero oo adag si loo sii wado mashruuca dhismaha, annaga ayaa ahtuubo bir madowwaa doorashada kuugu habboon. Ku kalsoonow khibradeena iyo waayo-aragnimadayada si aan u gaarsiino alaab buuxisa shuruudahaaga oo ka sarreysa filashooyinkaaga.

Qeexitaanka Badeecada

Dhexroorka Dibadda ee Magacaaban		Dhumucda Darbiga Magacaaban (mm)
mm	In	6.0	7.0	8.0	9.0	10.0	11.0	12.0	13.0	14.0	15.0	16.0	18.0	20.0	22.0
mm	In	Miisaanka Halkii Halbeeg Dhererka (kg/m)
219.1	8-5/8	31.53	36.61	41.65
273.1	10-3/4	39.52	45.94	52.30
323.9	12-3/4	47.04	54.71	62.32	69.89	77.41
(325)		47.20	54.90	62.54	70.14	77.68
355.6	14	51.73	60.18	68.58	76.93	85.23
(377.0)		54.89	63.87	72.80	81.67	90.50
406.4	16	59.25	68.95	78.60	88.20	97.76	107.26	116.72
(426.0)		62.14	72.33	82.46	92.55	102.59	112.58	122.51
457	18	66.73	77.68	88.58	99.44	110.24	120.99	131.69
(478.0)		69.84	81.30	92.72	104.09	115.41	126.69	137.90
508.0	20	74.28	86.49	98.65	110.75	122.81	134.82	146.79	158.69	170.56
(529.0)		77.38	90.11	102.78	115.40	127.99	140.52	152.99	165.43	177.80
559.0	22	81.82	95.29	108.70	122.07	135.38	148.65	161.88	175.04	188.17
610.0	24	89.37	104.10	118.77	133.39	147.97	162.48	176.97	191.40	205.78
(630.0)		92.33	107.54	122.71	137.83	152.90	167.92	182.89	197.81	212.68
660.0	26	96.77	112.73	128.63	144.48	160.30	176.05	191.77	207.43	223.04
711.0	28	104.32	121.53	138.70	155.81	172.88	189.89	206.86	223.78	240.65	257.47	274.24
(720.0)		105.65	123.09	140.47	157.81	175.10	192.34	209.52	226.66	243.75	260.80	277.79
762.0	30	111.86	130.34	148.76	167.13	185.45	203.73	211.95	240.13	258.26	276.33	294.36
813.0	32	119.41	139.14	158.82	178.45	198.03	217.56	237.05	256.48	275.86	295.20	314.48
(820.0)		120.45	140.35	160.20	180.00	199.76	219.46	239.12	258.72	278.28	297.79	317.25
864.0	34		147.94	168.88	189.77	210.61	231.40	252.14	272.83	293.47	314.06	334.61
914.0	36			178.75	200.87	222.94	244.96	266.94	288.86	310.73	332.56	354.34
(920.0)				179.93	202.20	224.42	246.59	286.70	290.78	312.79	334.78	356.68
965.0	38			188.81	212.19	235.52	258.80	282.03	305.21	328.34	351.43	374.46
1016.0	40			198.87	223.51	248.09	272.63	297.12	321.56	345.95	370.29	394.58	443.02
(1020.0)				199.66	224.39	249.08	273.72	298.31	322.84	347.33	371.77	396.16	444.77
1067.0	42			208.93	234.83	260.67	286.47	312.21	337.91	363.56	389.16	414.71	465.66
118.0	44			218.99	246.15	273.25	300.30	327.31	354.26	381.17	408.02	343.83	488.30
1168.0	46			228.86	257.24	285.58	313.87	342.10	370.29	398.43	426.52	454.56	510.49
1219.0	48			238.92	268.56	298.16	327.70	357.20	386.64	416.04	445.39	474.68	553.13
(1220.0)				239.12	268.78	198.40	327.97	357.49	386.96	146.38	445.76	475.08	533.58
1321.0	52				291.20	323.31	327.97	387.38	449.34	451.26	483.12	514.93	578.41
(1420.0)						347.72	355.37	416.66	451.08	485.41	519.74	553.96	622.32	690.52
1422.0	56					348.22	382.23	417.27	451.72	486.13	520.48	554.97	623.25	691.51	759.58
1524.0	60					373.38	410.44	447.46	484.43	521.34	558.21	595.03	688.52	741.82	814.91
(1620.0)						397.03	436.48	457.84	515.20	554.46	593.73	623.87	711.11	789.12	867.00
1626.0	64					398.53	438.11	477.64	517.13	556.56	595.95	635.28	713.80	792.13	870.26
1727.0	68					423.44	465.51	507.53	549.51	591.43	633.31	675.13	758.64	841.94	925.05
(1820.0)						446.37	492.74	535.06	579.32	623.50	667.71	711.79	799.92	887.81	975.51
1829.0	72						493.18			626.65	671.04	714.20	803.92	890.77	980.39
1930.0	76									661.52	708.40	755.23	848.75	942.07	1035.19
(2020.0)										692.60	741.69	790.75	888.70	986.41	1084.02
2032.0	80									696.74	746.13	795.48	894.03	992.38	1090.53
(2220.0)										761.65	815.68	869.66	977.50	1085.80	1192.53
(2420.0)												948.58	1066.26	1183.75	1301.04
(2540.0)	100											995.93	1119.53	1242.94	1366.15
(2845.0)	112											1116.28	1254.93	1393.37	1531.63

Faa'iidada Alaabta

Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee tuubooyinka birta madow waa xooggooda iyo cimrigooda. Tuubadan waxaa laga sameeyay bir khafiif ah, sidaa darteed waa mid adag oo waara, waxayna awood u leedahay inay u adkaysato cadaadiska sare iyo isbeddellada heerkulka. Astaantan ayaa si gaar ah faa'iido ugu leh warshadaha saliidda iyo gaaska, halkaas oo gaadiidka dareerayaashu u baahan yihiin xalal lagu kalsoonaan karo oo adag oo tuubooyinka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, haddii si habboon loo dahaadho, tuubooyinka birta madow waxay noqon karaan kuwo u adkaysta daxalka waxayna ku habboon yihiin xaalado deegaan oo kala duwan.

Faa'iido kale oo muhiim ah waa waxtarka kharashka. Tuubada birta madow badanaa way ka jaban tahay agabka kale sida birta aan miridhku lahayn, taasoo ka dhigaysa ikhtiyaar soo jiidasho leh mashaariicda waaweyn. Soo jiidashada waxaa sii xoojiya fududaynta rakibidda iyo dayactirka, taas oo si dhakhso leh u dhammaystiri karta mashaariicda oo yarayn karta kharashyada shaqada.

Yaraanta Badeecada

Arrin muhiim ah ayaa ah inay si fudud u miridhku u milmi karo oo u milmi karo haddii aan si habboon loo ilaalin. Tani waxay sababi kartaa daadasho iyo cillad nidaamka, gaar ahaan deegaannada qoyan ama qoyan. Intaa waxaa dheer, tuubada birta madow kuma habboona in la geeyo biyaha la cabbo sababtoo ah waxay daadin kartaa walxo waxyeello leh.

Codsiga

Tuubada birta madow waxay noqotay tiir muhiim u ah codsiyada warshadaha kala duwan, gaar ahaan dhinaca gaadiidka saliidda iyo gaaska. Qaab-dhismeedkeeda adag iyo isku halaynta ayaa ka dhigaya mid ku habboon gaadiidka dareeraha iyo gaaska ee cadaadiska sare leh. Mid ka mid ah alaabada ugu caansan ee qaybtan waa tuubo bir ah oo wareegsan oo la isku qurxiyey, taas oo caan ku ah cimri dhererkeeda iyo xooggeeda.

Tuubooyinka birta ah ee la isku dhejiyo ee wareegsan oo loo farsameeyay inay u adkaystaan adkaysiga jawiga adag, ayaa ah xalka ugu wanaagsan ee gaadiidka saliidda iyo gaaska. Tuubooyinkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa oo keliya qaybta tamarta, laakiin sidoo kale tuulmooyinka tuubooyinka birta ah iyo tiirarka buundooyinka, taasoo muujinaysa kala duwanaanshohooda. Tiknoolajiyadda alxanka wareega ee gaarka ah waxay kor u qaadaysaa daacadnimada qaab-dhismeedka tuubada, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inay u adkaysato culaysyo badan oo ay iska caabiso daxalka, taas oo muhiim u ah waxqabadka muddada dheer.

Tuubo bir madow, gaar ahaan bir-xidhan oo wareegsantuubo bir ah, waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa adeegyo kala duwan laga bilaabo gaadiidka saliidda iyo gaaska ilaa mashaariicda dhismaha. Khibradda ballaaran ee shirkaddayada iyo ballanqaadka tayada ayaa hubinaya inaan sii ahaanno lammaane lagu kalsoon yahay warshadaha, iyadoo bixinaysa xalal u taagan imtixaanka waqtiga.

Su'aalaha Badiya La Weydiiyo

S1: Waa maxay tuubo bir madow?

Tuubo bir ah oo madow waa tuubo bir ah oo aan dahaadh lahayn oo leh dhammaystir madow oo matte ah. Waxaa ugu horreyn loo isticmaalaa gaadiidka gaaska iyo biyaha, iyo sidoo kale codsiyada qaab-dhismeedka. Waaradeeda iyo xooggeeda ayaa ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon mashaariic kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan tuulmooyinka tuubooyinka birta ah iyo tiirarka buundooyinka.

S2: Waa maxay tuubo bir ah oo wareegsan oo la isku xidho?

Tuubada birta ah ee laalaada ee wareegsan waa nooc gaar ah oo tuubo bir madow ah oo lagu sameeyo alxanka si wareegsan u wareegsan oo leh xariijin bir ah oo fidsan. Habkani wuxuu soo saari karaa tuubooyin derbi oo dhexroor weyn iyo dhumuc weyn leh oo ku habboon codsiyada cadaadiska sare ee warshadaha saliidda iyo gaaska. Ku kalsoonaantooda iyo cimri dhererkoodu waxay ka dhigayaan doorashada koowaad ee injineero iyo qandaraaslayaal badan.

S3: Su'aalaha Badiya La Weydiiyo Ee Ku Saabsan Tuubada Birta Madow?

1. Waa maxay faa'iidooyinka isticmaalka tuubooyinka birta madow?
Tuubada birta madow waxaa loo yaqaanaa xooggeeda, iska caabbinta daxalka, iyo awoodda ay u leedahay inay u adkaysato heerkulka sare, taasoo ka dhigaysa doorasho ku habboon codsiyada kala duwan.

2. Tuubooyinka birta madow ma loo isticmaali karaa in lagu qaado biyaha la cabbo?
In kasta oo tuubo bir madow ah loo isticmaalo in lagu qaado gaaska dabiiciga ah iyo biyaha, haddana laguma talinayo in la cabbo biyaha sababtoo ah waxay keeni kartaa miridhku iyo daxal.

3. Sidee loo doortaa cabbirka saxda ah ee tuubada birta madow?
Cabbirka tuubada aad u baahan tahay waxay ku xiran tahay shuruudaha gaarka ah ee mashruucaaga, oo ay ku jiraan socodka iyo cadaadiska. La-talinta xirfadle ayaa kaa caawin karta inaad sameyso doorashada saxda ah.

Kii hore: Adeegyada Khadka Tuubooyinka Dabka ee Horumarsan

Xiga: Tuubooyinka Tayada Sare leh ee loogu talagalay Mashaariicda Dhismaha

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