Tuubbada madow ee tayo sare leh oo jilicsan oo loogu talagalay tuubooyinka
Soo bandhigida tuubooyinka birta madow ee tayo sare leh, xalka ugu fiican ee loogu talagalay dhammaan baahiyahaaga tuubbadaada. Waxaa laga soo saaray warshadda farshaxanka ee gobolka ee Cangzhou, gobolka Heriti, waxaan ku noqonnay magac aamin ah warshadaha ilaa 1950,000 mitir oo laba jibbaaran oo ah RMB 680 milyan, waxaan ku faraxsanahay sida ay nooga go'antahay tayada iyo hal-abuurka.
Tuubbadayada birta ee isgoysyada ah ayaa caan ku ah aaminaad iyo cimrigooda, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyo kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin gaadiid saliid iyo gaas ah, tuubbada tuubbada biriiga. Tuun kasta si taxaddar leh ayaa loo sharraxay si loo hubiyo inay la kulantay heerarka ugu sareeya ee warshadaha. Hawsha alxanka ee gaarka ah ee gaarka ah ee gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa kor u qaadaya xoogga iyo daacadnimada tuubbada, taas oo u saamaxeysa inay u adkeysato khilaafaadka ee jawiga dalbayaasha.
Haddii aad rabto inaad si badbaado leh u qaadatid saliida iyo gaaska ama aad u baahan tahay qaab dhismeedka taageerada adag si aad u qabsato mashruuc dhisme, annagaBlack bir bir ahwaa doorashada kuugu habboon adiga. Aaminaa khibradadeena iyo khibradeena si aan u gaarsiino waxyaabaha la kulma faahfaahintaada oo dhaafsiisan waxyaabaha aad ka fileyso.
Wax karasho soosaar ah
| Dhexroor ka baxsan | Dhumucda darbiga (mm) | ||||||||||||||
| mm | In | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 |
| Miisaankii dhererkiiba (kg / m) | |||||||||||||||
| 219.1 | 8-5 / 8 | 31.53 | 36.61 | 41.65 | |||||||||||
| 273.1 | 10-3 / 4 | 39.52 | 45.94 | 52.30 | |||||||||||
| 323.9 | 12-3 / 4 | 47.04 | 54.71 | 62.32 | 69.89 | 77.41 | |||||||||
| (325) | 47.20 | 54.90 | 62.54 | 70.14 | 77.68 | ||||||||||
| 355.6 | 14 | 51.73 | 60.18 | 68.58 | 76.93 | 85.23 | |||||||||
| (377.0) | 54.89 | 63.87 | 72.80 | 81.67 | 90.50 | ||||||||||
| 406.4 | 16 | 59.25 | 68.95 | 78.60 | 88.20 | 97.76 | 107.26 | 116.72 | |||||||
| (426.0) | 62.14 | 72.33 | 82.46 | 92.55 | 102.59 | 112.58 | 122.51 | ||||||||
| 457 | 18 | 66.73 | 77.68 | 88.58 | 99.44 | 110.24 | 120.99 | 131.69 | |||||||
| (478.0) | 69.84 | 81.30 | 92.72 | 104.09 | 115.41 | 126.69 | 137.90 | ||||||||
| 508.0 | 20 | 74.28 | 86.49 | 98.65 | 110.75 | 122.81 | 134.82 | 146.79 | 158.69 | 170.56 | |||||
| (529.0) | 77.38 | 90.11 | 102.78 | 115.40 | 127.99 | 140.52 | 152.99 | 165.43 | 177.80 | ||||||
| 559.0 | 22 | 81.82 | 95.29 | 108.70 | 122.07 | 135.38 | 148.65 | 161.88 | 175.04 | 188.17 | |||||
| 610.0 | 24 | 89.37 | 104.10 | 118.77 | 133.39 | 147.97 | 162.48 | 176.97 | 191.40 | 205.78 | |||||
| (630.0) | 92.33 | 107.54 | 122.71 | 137.83 | 152.90 | 167.92 | 182.89 | 197.81 | 212.68 | ||||||
| 660.0 | 26 | 96.77 | 112.73 | 128.63 | 144.48 | 160.30 | 176.05 | 191.77 | 207.43 | 223.04 | |||||
| 711.0 | 28 | 104.32 | 121.53 | 138.70 | 155.81 | 172.88 | 189.89 | 206.86 | 223.78 | 240.65 | 257.47 | 274.24 | |||
| (720.0) | 105.65 | 123.09 | 140.47 | 157.81 | 175.10 | 192.34 | 209.52 | 226.66 | 243.75 | 260.80 | 277.79 | ||||
| 762.0 | 30 | 111.86 | 130.34 | 148.76 | 167.13 | 185.45 | 203.73 | 211.95 | 240.13 | 258.26 | 276.33 | 294.36 | |||
| 813.0 | 32 | 119.41 | 139.14 | 158.82 | 178.45 | 198.03 | 217.56 | 237.05 | 256.48 | 275.86 | 295.20 | 314.48 | |||
| (820.0) | 120.45 | 140.35 | 160.20 | 180.00 | 199.76 | 219.46 | 239.12 | 258.72 | 278.28 | 297.79 | 317.25 | ||||
| 864.0 | 34 | 147.94 | 168.88 | 189.77 | 210.61 | 231.40 | 252.14 | 272.83 | 293.47 | 314.06 | 334.61 | ||||
| 914.0 | 36 | 178.75 | 200.87 | 222.94 | 244.96 | 266.94 | 288.86 | 310.73 | 332.56 | 354.34 | |||||
| (920.0) | 179.93 | 202.20 | 224.42 | 246.59 | 286.70 | 290.78 | 312.79 | 334.78 | 356.68 | ||||||
| 965.0 | 38 | 188.81 | 212.19 | 235.52 | 258.80 | 282.03 | 305.21 | 328.34 | 351.43 | 374.46 | |||||
| 1016.0 | 40 | 198.87 | 223.51 | 248.09 | 272.63 | 297.12 | 321.56 | 345.95 | 370.29 | 394.58 | 443.02 | ||||
| (1020.0) | 199.66 | 224.39 | 249.08 | 273.72 | 298.31 | 322.84 | 347.33 | 371.77 | 396.16 | 444.77 | |||||
| 1067.0 | 42 | 208.93 | 234.83 | 260.67 | 286.47 | 312.21 | 337.91 | 363.56 | 389.16 | 414.71 | 465.66 | ||||
| 118.0 | 44 | 218.99 | 246.15 | 273.25 | 300.30 | 327.31 | 354.26 | 381.17 | 408.02 | 343.83 | 488.30 | ||||
| 1168.0 | 46 | 228.86 | 257.24 | 285.58 | 313.87 | 342.10 | 370.29 | 398.43 | 426.52 | 454.56 | 510.49 | ||||
| 1219.0 | 48 | 238.92 | 268.56 | 298.16 | 327.70 | 357.20 | 386.64 | 416.04 | 445.39 | 474.68 | 553.13 | ||||
| (1220.0) | 239.12 | 268.78 | 198.40 | 327.97 | 357.49 | 386.96 | 146.38 | 445.76 | 475.08 | 533.58 | |||||
| 1321.0 | 52 | 291.20 | 323.31 | 327.97 | 387.38 | 449.34 | 451.26 | 483.12 | 514.93 | 578.41 | |||||
| (1420.0) | 347.72 | 355.37 | 416.66 | 451.08 | 485.41 | 519.74 | 553.96 | 622.32 | 690.52 | ||||||
| 1422.0 | 56 | 348.22 | 382.23 | 417.27 | 451.72 | 486.13 | 520.48 | 554.97 | 623.25 | 691.51 | 759.58 | ||||
| 1524.0 | 60 | 373.38 | 410.44 | 447.46 | 484.43 | 521.34 | 558.21 | 595.03 | 688.52 | 741.82 | 814.91 | ||||
| (1620.0) | 397.03 | 436.48 | 457.84 | 515.20 | 554.46 | 593.73 | 623.87 | 711.11 | 789.12 | 867.00 | |||||
| 1626.0 | 64 | 398.53 | 438.11 | 477.64 | 517.13 | 556.56 | 595.95 | 635.28 | 713.80 | 792.13 | 870.26 | ||||
| 1727.0 | 68 | 423.44 | 465.51 | 507.53 | 549.51 | 591.43 | 633.31 | 675.13 | 758.64 | 841.94 | 925.05 | ||||
| (1820.0) | 446.37 | 492.74 | 535.06 | 579.32 | 623.50 | 667.71 | 711.79 | 799.92 | 887.81 | 975.51 | |||||
| 1829.0 | 72 | 493.18 | 626.65 | 671.04 | 714.20 | 803.92 | 890.77 | 980.39 | |||||||
| 1930.0 | 76 | 661.52 | 708.40 | 755.23 | 848.75 | 942.07 | 1035.19 | ||||||||
| (2020.0) | 692.60 | 741.69 | 790.75 | 888.70 | 986.41 | 1084.02 | |||||||||
| 2032.0 | 80 | 696.74 | 746.13 | 795.48 | 894.03 | 992.38 | 1090.53 | ||||||||
| (2220.0) | 761.65 | 815.68 | 869.66 | 977.50 | 1085.80 | 1192.53 | |||||||||
| (2420.0) | 948.58 | 1066.26 | 1183.75 | 1301.04 | |||||||||||
| (2540.0) | 100 | 995.93 | 1119.53 | 1242.94 | 1366.15 | ||||||||||
| (284.0) | 112 | 1116.28 | 1254.93 | 1393.37 | 1531.63 | ||||||||||
Faa'iidada wax soo saarka
Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu waaweyn ee tuubbada birta madow waa xooggeeda iyo cimrigiisa. Tuubadan ayaa laga sameeyay bir khafiif ah, sidaa darteed waa mid xoog badan oo waara, awood u leh inuu u adkeysto cadaadis iyo heerkulka heerkulka. Muuqaalkaani wuxuu si gaar ah faa iido gaar ah ku leeyahay warshadaha saliida iyo gaaska, halkaasoo dheecaannada cabitaannada ay u baahan yihiin xalal tuubooyin adag oo adag. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, haddii si sax ah loo daboolo, tuubbada birta madow waxay noqon kartaa u adkeysi u adkaysanaya oo ku habboon xaalado kala duwan oo deegaanka ah.
Faa'iidada kale ee muhiimka ahi waa wax ku oolnimada qiimaha. Black bir bir ah ayaa inta badan ka qaalisan agabyada kale sida birta aan caadiga ahayn, taasoo ka dhigaysa ikhtiyaar soo jiidasho leh mashruucyo waaweyn. Rafcaankeeda rafcaankeeda ayaa lagu sii wanaajiyaa fududeynta rakibaadda iyo dayactirka, kaasoo dhaqso u dhameystiri kara mashruucyada oo yareyn kara kharashka shaqaalaha.
Wax soosaarka wax soo saarka
Hal arin oo caan ah ayaa ah inay si fudud u miridhli karto oo ay saadaali karto haddii aan si habboon loo ilaalin. Tani waxay sababi kartaa in nidaamku daadato iyo guul darrooyinka, gaar ahaan jawi qoyan ama qoyan. Intaa waxaa u dheer, tuubada birta ee madow kuma haboona gudbinta biyo la cabbo maxaa yeelay waxay ku noqon kartaa walxaha waxyeelada leh.
Isticmaal
Black Steel Black Steel waxay noqotay astaanta guud ee codsiyada warshadaha ee kala duwan, gaar ahaan duurka iyo gaaska gaadiidka saliida. Qaab dhismeedkeeda adag iyo isku halaynta ayaa ku habboon in ay ku habboon tahay dheecaanka dheecaanka sare iyo gaaska. Mid ka mid ah alaabada ugu caansan ee qaybtaan ayaa ah mid ka jaban tuubbada birta ee loo yaqaan 'birta' birta birta leh, oo caan ku ah cimrigeeda iyo xooggiisa.
Injineer si loo hor tago dhir udgoonnada jawiga adag, tuubooyinka birta ee loo yaqaan 'spiral word' waa xalka lagu doorbido ee gaadiidka saliida iyo gaaska. Tuubbooyinkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa oo keliya waaxda tamarta, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku jiraan tuubbooyinka birta birta ah iyo tuubbooyinka buundada, oo muujinaya awooddooda. Tikniyoolajiyadda al-dii haya ee loo yaqaan 'allds' ee al-tincyl worlm-ka ayaa kor u qaadaya daacadnimada qaabdhismeedka tuubbada, taasoo u oggolaaneysa inay u adkeysato xamuul aad u weyn oo ay ka hortagaan xarkaha, kaasoo muhiim u ah waxqabadka muddada-dheer.
Black Steel Black, gaar ahaan Word Websaydhtuubbada birta, door muhiim ah ka ciyaara codsiyo kaladuwan oo ka socda gaadiidka saliida iyo gaaska ee mashaariicda dhismaha. Khibraddeena ballaaran ee shirkadda iyo ka go'naanshaha tayada ayaa hubiya inaan sii wadno lammaane aan aamin ah ku leenahay warshadaha, bixinta xalka istaaga imtixaanka waqtiga.
Su'aalaha ah
Q1: Waa maxay tuubada madow ee birta madow?
Black Steel Black Steel waa tuubbo bir ah oo bir ah oo leh dhamaad madow oo dhameystiran. Waxaa ugu horrayn loo isticmaalaa safarka gaaska iyo biyaha, iyo sidoo kale codsiyada qaab dhismeedka. Socdaalkeeda iyo xooggooda iyo xooggooda waxay ku habboon tahay mashaariic kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan biraha tuubbada birta iyo jagooyinka buundada.
Q2
Qaybta birta ee loo yaqaan 'steel steel' waa nooc gaar ah oo bir ah oo bir ah oo bir ah oo lagu soo saaray tuubbada jeexan ee dabacsan. Qaabkani wuxuu soo saari karaa dhexroor ballaaran oo tuubooyin darbi ah oo ku habboon codsiyada cadaadiska sare ee warshadaha saliida iyo gaaska. Isku haladooda iyo cimrigooda ayaa ka dhigaya doorashada ugu horreysa ee injineero badan iyo qandaraasleyaal badan.
Q3: Su'aalaha badanaa la isweydiiyo ee ku saabsan tuubada birta madow?
1. Waa maxay faa iidooyinka isticmaalka tuubooyinka birta madow?
Black bir bir ah ayaa lagu yaqaanaa xooggiisa, iska caabbinta hubka, iyo awoodda u adkeysiga heerkulka sare, taasoo ka dhigaysa doorashada ugu habboon ee codsiyada kala duwan.
2. Tuubbooyinka birta madow ma loo isticmaali karaa in lagu qaado biyaha la cabbo?
In kasta oo tuubbada birta madow loo isticmaalo in lagu qaado gaaska dabiiciga ah iyo biyaha, laguma talinayo in la cabbo biyaha la cabbo sababta oo ah suurtagalnimada miridhku iyo daxanka.
3. Sida loo doorto cabirka saxda ah ee tuubbada birta madow?
Cabbirka tuubbada aad u baahan tahay waxay kuxirantahay shuruudaha gaarka ah ee mashruucaaga, oo ay kujirto socodka iyo cadaadiska. La tashiga xirfadle ayaa kaa caawin kara inaad sameyso doorashada saxda ah.
