Tuubbada madow ee tayo sare leh oo jilicsan oo loogu talagalay tuubooyinka

Tuubbada birta ee tayo sare leh oo jilicsan oo loogu talagalay tuubooyinka muuqaalka leh

Sharraxaadda Gaaban:

Tuubbadayada ugu badan ee birta ah ma aha oo keliya xoog iyo waara, laakiin sidoo kale waa isku mid, oo ku habboon codsiyada kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan gaadiidka gaaska iyo biyaha, taageerada qaab-dhismeedka, iyo inbadan. Iyada oo leh xoog aad u wanaagsan iyo iska caabbinta, tuubooyinkayagu waxay u adkeysan karaan khilaafyada jawiga dalbashada, iyagoo ku siinaya nabadgelyo maskaxeed iyo wax qabad dheer.

U dir emaylka

Si faahfaafo

Calaamadaha wax soo saarka

Dhexroor ka baxsan		Dhumucda darbiga (mm)
mm	In	6.0	7.0	8.0	9.0	10.0	11.0	12.0	13.0	14.0	15.0	16.0	18.0	20.0	22.0
mm	In	Miisaankii dhererkiiba (kg / m)
219.1	8-5 / 8	31.53	36.61	41.65
273.1	10-3 / 4	39.52	45.94	52.30
323.9	12-3 / 4	47.04	54.71	62.32	69.89	77.41
(325)		47.20	54.90	62.54	70.14	77.68
355.6	14	51.73	60.18	68.58	76.93	85.23
(377.0)		54.89	63.87	72.80	81.67	90.50
406.4	16	59.25	68.95	78.60	88.20	97.76	107.26	116.72
(426.0)		62.14	72.33	82.46	92.55	102.59	112.58	122.51
457	18	66.73	77.68	88.58	99.44	110.24	120.99	131.69
(478.0)		69.84	81.30	92.72	104.09	115.41	126.69	137.90
508.0	20	74.28	86.49	98.65	110.75	122.81	134.82	146.79	158.69	170.56
(529.0)		77.38	90.11	102.78	115.40	127.99	140.52	152.99	165.43	177.80
559.0	22	81.82	95.29	108.70	122.07	135.38	148.65	161.88	175.04	188.17
610.0	24	89.37	104.10	118.77	133.39	147.97	162.48	176.97	191.40	205.78
(630.0)		92.33	107.54	122.71	137.83	152.90	167.92	182.89	197.81	212.68
660.0	26	96.77	112.73	128.63	144.48	160.30	176.05	191.77	207.43	223.04
711.0	28	104.32	121.53	138.70	155.81	172.88	189.89	206.86	223.78	240.65	257.47	274.24
(720.0)		105.65	123.09	140.47	157.81	175.10	192.34	209.52	226.66	243.75	260.80	277.79
762.0	30	111.86	130.34	148.76	167.13	185.45	203.73	211.95	240.13	258.26	276.33	294.36
813.0	32	119.41	139.14	158.82	178.45	198.03	217.56	237.05	256.48	275.86	295.20	314.48
(820.0)		120.45	140.35	160.20	180.00	199.76	219.46	239.12	258.72	278.28	297.79	317.25
864.0	34		147.94	168.88	189.77	210.61	231.40	252.14	272.83	293.47	314.06	334.61
914.0	36			178.75	200.87	222.94	244.96	266.94	288.86	310.73	332.56	354.34
(920.0)				179.93	202.20	224.42	246.59	286.70	290.78	312.79	334.78	356.68
965.0	38			188.81	212.19	235.52	258.80	282.03	305.21	328.34	351.43	374.46
1016.0	40			198.87	223.51	248.09	272.63	297.12	321.56	345.95	370.29	394.58	443.02
(1020.0)				199.66	224.39	249.08	273.72	298.31	322.84	347.33	371.77	396.16	444.77
1067.0	42			208.93	234.83	260.67	286.47	312.21	337.91	363.56	389.16	414.71	465.66
118.0	44			218.99	246.15	273.25	300.30	327.31	354.26	381.17	408.02	343.83	488.30
1168.0	46			228.86	257.24	285.58	313.87	342.10	370.29	398.43	426.52	454.56	510.49
1219.0	48			238.92	268.56	298.16	327.70	357.20	386.64	416.04	445.39	474.68	553.13
(1220.0)				239.12	268.78	198.40	327.97	357.49	386.96	146.38	445.76	475.08	533.58
1321.0	52				291.20	323.31	327.97	387.38	449.34	451.26	483.12	514.93	578.41
(1420.0)						347.72	355.37	416.66	451.08	485.41	519.74	553.96	622.32	690.52
1422.0	56					348.22	382.23	417.27	451.72	486.13	520.48	554.97	623.25	691.51	759.58
1524.0	60					373.38	410.44	447.46	484.43	521.34	558.21	595.03	688.52	741.82	814.91
(1620.0)						397.03	436.48	457.84	515.20	554.46	593.73	623.87	711.11	789.12	867.00
1626.0	64					398.53	438.11	477.64	517.13	556.56	595.95	635.28	713.80	792.13	870.26
1727.0	68					423.44	465.51	507.53	549.51	591.43	633.31	675.13	758.64	841.94	925.05
(1820.0)						446.37	492.74	535.06	579.32	623.50	667.71	711.79	799.92	887.81	975.51
1829.0	72						493.18			626.65	671.04	714.20	803.92	890.77	980.39
1930.0	76									661.52	708.40	755.23	848.75	942.07	1035.19
(2020.0)										692.60	741.69	790.75	888.70	986.41	1084.02
2032.0	80									696.74	746.13	795.48	894.03	992.38	1090.53
(2220.0)										761.65	815.68	869.66	977.50	1085.80	1192.53
(2420.0)												948.58	1066.26	1183.75	1301.04
(2540.0)	100											995.93	1119.53	1242.94	1366.15
(284.0)	112											1116.28	1254.93	1393.37	1531.63

Hordhaca Waxsoosaarka

Si sax ah loo muujiyey oo loo soo saaray heerarka ugu sareeya ee ugu sareeya, tuubooyinka birta madow waxay bixiyaan waxqabadyo sare iyo nolol adeegyo dhaadheer, taasoo ka dhigeysa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyo fara badan. Haddii aad ku jirtid dhismaha, tuubooyinka tuubooyinka ama warshadaha, tuubooyinkayagu waxay bixiyaan isku halaynta iyo cimri dhererka aad u baahan tahay.

KhidmaddeenaBlack bir bir ahKaliya maahan kuwo xoog badan oo waara, laakiin sidoo kale waa isku mid, oo ku habboon codsiyada kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan gaadiidka gaaska iyo biyaha, taageerada qaab dhismeedka, iyo inbadan. Iyada oo leh xoog aad u wanaagsan iyo iska caabbinta, tuubooyinkayagu waxay u adkeysan karaan khilaafyada jawiga dalbashada, iyagoo ku siinaya nabadgelyo maskaxeed iyo wax qabad dheer.

Faa'iidada wax soo saarka

1. Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee tuubbada birta ee tayo sare leh oo bir ah ayaa ah midnimadeeda. Tuubooyinkaani waxaa loogu talagalay in ay u adkeystaan cadaadisyada sareeya iyo heerkulka xad-dhaafka ah, iyaga oo ka dhigaya mid ku habboon codsiyo badan oo ka socda gaadiid saliida iyo gaaska si loo dhiso taageero dhisme.

2. Dabeecaddiisa adag waxay xaqiijineysaa nolol dheer, oo yareynaysa baahida loo qabo beddelaad iyo dayactir isdaba joog ah.

3. Faa'iidooyin kale oo muhiim ah ayaa ah mid ka mid ah kartida. Black bir bir ah waa sahlan tahay well iyo been-abuurka waxaana loo habeyn karaa inuu buuxiyo shuruudaha mashruuca gaarka ah. Laqabsashadaani waxay ka dhigaysaa doorashada koowaad ee injineerada iyo qandaraasleyaasha.

Wax soosaarka wax soo saarka

1. Mid ka mid ah faa'iido-darrooyinka ayaa ah in ay u nugul yihiin xasaasiyadda, gaar ahaan jawiga sare ee huurka.

2. Dharmado ilaalin ah ayaa yareyn kara dhibaatadan, waxay kordhin karaan qiimaha guud.

3.Black bir bir ah ayaa ka culus agabyada kale, kaas oo adkayn kara rakibaadda iyo gaadiidka.

Isticmaal

Markaad dooranayso waxyaabaha saxda ah ee loogu talagalay baahiyahaaga tuubadaada, tayada sheyga ayaa ah muhiimadda ugu weyn. Tooyin bir ah oo tayo sare leh oo bir ah oo tayo sare leh ayaa u taagan heerarkooda injineeriyada saxda ah iyo akhrinta heerarka wax soo saarka, iyaga oo ka dhigaysa doorashada ugu fiican ee codsiyo fara badan. Tuubooyinkaani waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu bixiyo wax qabad ka sarreeya iyo cimri dheer, taasoo ka dhigaysa xalka ugu fiican ee mashaariicda la degan yahay iyo warshadaha labadaba.

Black Starttuubbada birtaKaliya ma waara laakiin sidoo kale waa isku mid, oo ku habboon codsiyo fara badan oo kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin tuubbooyinka tuubooyinka, tuubooyinka gaaska iyo taageerada qaab dhismeedka. Injineeriyada saxda ah ee soo gala wax soo saarkooda ayaa xaqiijinaya inay u adkeysan karaan cadaadiska sareeya iyo xaaladaha aadka u daran, iyagoo siinaya xasillooni maskaxeed mashruuc kasta.

Marka lagu daro xoogga iyo isku halaynta, tuubooyinkan waxaa loogu talagalay inay maskaxda ku hayaan. Qalabka tayada sare ee loo adeegsado wax soo saarkooda iska caabiya hubka iyo aboojinta, hubinta in tuubooyinku ay sii wadaan sharaftooda waqti ka dib. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay beddelaad yar iyo dayactir, ugu dambeyntiina badbaadinta waqti iyo lacag.

Warqad maqas

Q1: Waa maxay taban suulka madow ee tayo sare leh?

Blab madow oo tayo sare leh oo bir ah ayaa si muuqata loo muujiyey oo loo soo saaray heerarka ugu sareeya ee tayada leh. Waxaa loogu talagalay waxqabadka sare, tuubooyinkani waxay ku habboon yihiin dalabyo kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin tuubbooyinka tuubooyinka, khadadka gaaska iyo taageerooyinka dhismayaasha. Dhismadooda adag waxay xaqiijineysaa inay u adkeysan karaan cadaadiska sareeya iyo xaaladaha aadka u daran, iyagoo siinaya xasillooni maskaxeed mashruuc kasta.

Q2. Xagee bay tuubooyinkan la soo saaray?

Tuubheenna birta madow waxaa lagu soo saaray warshadda farshaxanka-casriga ah oo ku yaal magaalada Cangzhou City, gobolka Hebei. Shirkadda waxaa la aasaasay 1993-kii waxayna si dhakhso ah u horumarisay sanadihii la soo dhaafay, oo daboolay aag dhan 350,000 mitir oo laba jibbaaran oo wadarta guud ee RMB 680 milyan. Waxaan haynaa 680 shaqaale u heellan oo u heellan gaarsiinta alaabada la kulma heerarka ugu sareysa ee warshadaha.

Xulashada Black Black ee Tayada Black ee Tayada Sare macnaheedu waa maalgashiga cimri dherer iyo isku halaynta. Hawshayada wax soo saarka ee adag waxay xaqiijineysaa tuubbo kasta oo aan cillad lahayn, oo ku siinaya shey aan kaliya buuxin waxa aad ka fileyso oo keliya, laakiin ka sarreeyo. Haddii aad tahay qandaraasle, injineer ama xamaasad, tuubooyinkeena ayaa ah doorashada ugu fiican mashruucaaga xiga.