Tuubada Tolmada Mugdiga ah ee Tayada Sare leh
Soo bandhigida tuubooyinkeena tolmada-tolka ee tayo sare leh, oo ah badeecad muujinaysa xoog, cimri dherer iyo injineernimo sax ah. Waxaa lagu sameeyay habka alxanka wareega ee horumarsan, tuubooyinkayagu waxaa laga sameeyay gariirado bir ah oo kulul oo si taxaddar leh loo sameeyay qaab dhululubo ah oo lagu dhejiyay tolmada wareega. Farsamadan wax soo saarka ee cusub ma aha oo kaliya inay kor u qaaddo sharafta qaabdhismeedka tuubooyinka, laakiin sidoo kale waxay hubineysaa inay u adkeysan karaan codsiyada ugu baahida badan.
Shirkaddayada, waxaan ku faannaa ballanqaadkeenna aan kala go'a lahayn ee ku aaddan qanacsanaanta macaamiisha. Sannado badan, waxaan dhisnay sumcad heer sare ah annagoo mudnaanta siinayna baahiyaha macaamiisheenna marxalad kasta oo ka mid ah geeddi-socodka wax iibsiga. Laga bilaabo la-tashiga ka hor iibka ilaa taageerada iibka gudaha iyo adeegyada iibka ka dib oo dhammaystiran, waxaan ka go'an nahay inaan daboolno baahiyaha macaamiisheenna. Habkan macaamiisha diiradda saaraya wuxuu naga dhigay kalsoonida iyo daacadnimada macaamiisheenna, kuwaas oo had iyo jeer qadariya tayada alaabtayada iyo isku halaynta adeegyadayada.
Tayadayada saretuubo tolmo muquuninta ahwuxuu ku habboon yahay noocyo kala duwan oo adeegsi ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhismaha, saliidda iyo gaaska, iyo gaadiidka badda. Iyada oo leh xoog iyo cimri dherer sare, waxaa loogu talagalay inay u adkaysato cadaadiska iyo iska caabbinta miridhka, taasoo ka dhigaysa xal waara oo loogu talagalay baahiyahaaga tuubooyinka.
Qeexitaanka Badeecada
| Sifooyinka Fiisikiska iyo Kiimikada ee ugu Muhiimsan ee Tuubooyinka Birta ah (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 iyo API Spec 5L) | ||||||||||||||
| Heerka Caadiga ah | Heerka Birta | Waxyaabaha Kiimikada ah (%) | Hantida Tijaabada ah | Tijaabada Saamaynta Charpy (V notch) | ||||||||||
| c | Mn | p | s | Si | Kale | Xoog Wax-soo-saar (Mpa) | Xoog Laab Laab (Mpa) | (L0=5.65 √ S0 )Daqiiqo Heerka Fidinta (%) | ||||||
| ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | daq | ugu badan | daq | ugu badan | D ≤ 168.33mm | D > 168.3mm | ||||
| GB/T3091 -2008 | Q215A | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25 < 1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.35 | Ku darista NbVTi iyadoo la raacayo GB/T1591-94 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||
| Q215B | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25-0.55 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||||
| Q235A | ≤ 0.22 | 0.30 < 0.65 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
| Q235B | ≤ 0.20 | 0.30 ≤ 1.80 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
| Q295A | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
| Q295B | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
| Q345A | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
| Q345B | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
| GB/T9711-2011(PSL1) | L175 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Ikhtiyaar ah ku darista mid ka mid ah walxaha NbVTi ama isku-darka kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah | 175 | 310 | 27 | Hal ama laba ka mid ah tusmada adkeysiga ee tamarta saameynta iyo aagga jarista ayaa la dooran karaa. Wixii L555 ah, fiiri heerka. | ||||
| L210 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 210 | 335 | 25 | |||||||
| L245 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 245 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
| L290 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
| L320 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 320 | 435 | 20 | |||||||
| L360 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 360 | 460 | 19 | |||||||
| L390 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 390 | 390 | 18 | |||||||
| L415 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 415 | 520 | 17 | |||||||
| L450 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 450 | 535 | 17 | |||||||
| L485 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 485 | 570 | 16 | |||||||
| API 5L (PSL 1) | A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Birta heerka B, Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; birta heerka B ≥, ku darista ikhtiyaariga ah Nb ama V ama isku-darka, iyo Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15% | 172 | 310 | (L0=50.8mm) in lagu xisaabiyo qaacidada soo socota:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A:Bedka muunadda ee mm2 U: Xoogga ugu yar ee la cayimay ee Mpa | Midna ama mid ama labadaba tamarta saameynta iyo aagga jarista looma baahna shuruud adag. | ||||
| A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 207 | 331 | ||||||||
| B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 241 | 414 | ||||||||
| X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 414 | ||||||||
| X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 317 | 434 | ||||||||
| X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 359 | 455 | ||||||||
| X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 386 | 490 | ||||||||
| X60 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 414 | 517 | ||||||||
| X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 448 | 531 | ||||||||
| X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 483 | 565 | ||||||||
Faa'iidada Alaabta
1. Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee tuubada tolmada wareegsan waa xooggeeda aadka u wanaagsan. Habka alxanka wareegsan wuxuu suurtogaliyaa alxanka joogtada ah, taasoo kor u qaadaysa daacadnimada qaab-dhismeedka tuubada. Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa kuwo ku habboon in lagu qaado dareerayaasha iyo gaasaska cadaadiska sare.
2. Habka wax soo saarku waa mid hufan, taasoo u oggolaanaysa tuubooyin dhaadheer in la soo saaro iyada oo aan loo baahnayn kala-goysyo, kuwaas oo noqon kara dhibco daciif ah oo iman kara.
3. Faa'iido kale oo muhiim ahtuubo tolmo helical ahwaa kala duwanaansho ay leedahay. Waxaa lagu soo saari karaa dhexroor kala duwan iyo dhumuc derbi si loogu isticmaalo noocyo kala duwan laga bilaabo gaadiidka saliidda iyo gaaska ilaa nidaamyada biyaha.
4. Shirkadaha sameeya tuubooyinkan waxay mudnaanta siiyaan qanacsanaanta macaamiisha waxayna bixiyaan adeegyo dhammaystiran oo iibka kahor, inta lagu jiro iibka, iyo ka dib iibka. Ballanqaadkani wuxuu hubinayaa in macaamiishu ay helaan alaab ku habboon baahiyahooda gaarka ah, taasoo kor u qaadaysa khibradda guud.
Yaraanta Badeecada
1. Habka alxanka wareegsan wuxuu noqon karaa mid ka adag hababka alxanka dhaqameed, taasoo keeni karta kharashyo wax soo saar oo sarreeya.
2. In kasta oo tuubooyinka tolmada wareegsan ay xooggan yihiin, haddana waxay u adkeysan karaan noocyada qaar ee daxalka marka loo eego agabka kale ee tuubooyinka waxayna u baahan yihiin dahaadh ilaalin ah ama daaweyn.
Su'aalaha Badiya La Weydiiyo
S1: Waa maxay tuubo tolmo oo wareegsan?
Tuubada tolmada wareegsan waxaa lagu dhisay hab gaar ah oo loo yaqaan habka alxanka wareegsan. Tiknoolajiyaddan cusub waxay ku lug leedahay gariiradaha birta kulul ee la duubay oo loo sameeyay qaab dhululubo ah oo lagu dhejiyay tolmo wareegsan. Tuubada ka dhalatay ma aha oo kaliya inay leedahay xoog sare laakiin sidoo kale waarta aad u fiican, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon adeegyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan gaadiidka saliidda iyo gaaska, sahayda biyaha iyo taageerada qaab-dhismeedka.
S2: Maxaad u doorataa tuubo tolmo oo tayo sare leh?
Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee tuubooyinka tolmada wareega ee tayada sare leh waa dhismahooda xooggan. Habka alxanka wareega wuxuu u oggolaanayaa alxanka joogtada ah, kaas oo kor u qaada hufnaanta iyo iska caabbinta cadaadiska ee tuubada. Intaa waxaa dheer, tuubooyinkan waxaa lagu soo saari karaa cabbirro iyo dhumuc kala duwan si loo daboolo baahiyaha gaarka ah ee mashaariicda kala duwan.
S3: Maxaan ka raadiyaa alaab-qeybiye?
Markaad dooranayso alaab-qeybiye tuubo tolmo ah oo wareegsan, waa muhiim inaad doorato shirkad mudnaanta koowaad siisa qanacsanaanta macaamiisha. Raadi alaab-qeybiye bixiya adeegyo dhammaystiran oo iibka kahor, iibka, iyo iibka kadib ah. Shirkad sumcad leh ayaa hubin doonta in alaabteedu ay buuxiso shuruudaha la dejiyay oo ay dabooli karto baahiyahaaga gaarka ah, iyadoo hubinaysa inaad hesho badeecooyin iyo adeegyo tayo sare leh oo macaamiishaadu ay qadarin doonaan.








