Tuubbada top to thipe the this tayada sare
Soo bandhigida biibiileyaga tayada-sare ee tayada sare leh, wax soo saar leh xoogga, cimri dheereynta iyo injineeriyada saxda ah. Waxaa lagu sameeyay hannaanka alxanka ee horumarsan, tuubooyinkayaga waxaa laga soo saaray silsilado bir ah oo kulul oo si taxaddar leh loogu sameeyay qaab dhululub ah oo ay ku hareereysan tirooyinka wareega. Farsamadan wax soosaarka ee hal abuurka ah ee aan kor u qaadin oo keliya sharafta qaab dhismeedka tuubooyinka, laakiin sidoo kale waxay xaqiijineysaa inay u adkeysan karaan codsiyada ugu baahida badan.
Shirkadyaga, waxaan ku faanaynaa nafteenna go'aankeena aan kala go 'lahayn ee ku saabsan qanacsanaanta macaamiisha. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaan dhisnay sumcad heer sare ah oo aan kala hormarinno baahiyaha macaamiisha ee marxalad kasta oo ka mid ah nidaamka wax iibsiga. Laga soo bilaabo la-tashiga iibka ee loo iibinayo taageerada iibka iyo adeegyada iibka dhameystiran ka dib, waxaa naga go'an inaan la kulanno baahi kasta oo ka mid ah macaamiisheenna. Qaabkan macaamiisha-centric-ka wuxuu noo kasbaday aaminaadda iyo daacadnimada macaamiisheenna, oo had iyo jeer ka mahadceliya tayada badeecadeena iyo isku halaynta adeegyadayada.
Tayo sare lehTuubbada topial tommoWaxay ku habboon tahay codsiyo kala duwan, oo ay kujirto dhismaha, saliida iyo gaaska, iyo gaadiidka badda. Iyada oo xoogga sare iyo cimriga dheer, waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu adkeysto cadaadiska oo ay ka hortagto xarkaha, taasoo ka dhigaysa xalka muddada dheer ee loogu talagalay baahiyahaaga tuubadaada.
Wax karasho soosaar ah
Sifooyinka ugu weyn ee jirka iyo kiimikada ee tuubooyinka birta (GB / T3091-2008, GB / T9711-2011 iyo API-da 5l) | ||||||||||||||
Caadi ah | Fasalka birta | Kuwa kiimikada (%) | Hantida Tsile | Therpy (v notch) tijaabada saameynta saameynta | ||||||||||
c | Mn | p | s | Si | Kale | Xoog soo saar (MPA) | Xoog TSensile (MPA) | (L0 = 5.65 √ S-10) Ming fiditaan (%) | ||||||
dixiri | dixiri | dixiri | dixiri | dixiri | min | dixiri | min | dixiri | D ≤ 168.33mm | D> 168.3mm | ||||
GB / T3091 -2008 | Q215A | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25 <1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.35 | Ku darista NBVTI si waafaqsan GB / T1591-94 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||
Q215b | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25-0.55 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||||
Q235A | ≤ 0.22 | 0.30 <0.65 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | > 26 | |||||
Q235b | ≤ 0.20 | 0.30 ≤ 1.80 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | > 26 | |||||
Q295A | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | > 23 | |||||
Q295b | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | > 23 | |||||
Q345A | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | > 21 | |||||
Q345b | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | > 21 | |||||
GB / T9711-2011 (PSL1) | L175 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Ikhtiyaar ku dar mid ka mid ah walxaha NBVTI ama wax kasta oo ka mid ah | 175 | 310 | 27 | Hal ama laba ka mid ah tusmada adag ee saameynta saameynta tamarta iyo aagga ijaarka ayaa la dooran karaa. L555, arag heerka caadiga ah. | ||||
L210 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 210 | 335 | 25 | |||||||
L245 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 245 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
L290 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
L320 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 320 | 435 | 20 | |||||||
L360 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 360 | 460 | 19 | |||||||
L390 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 390 | 390 | 18 | |||||||
L415 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 415 | 520 | 17 | |||||||
L450 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 450 | 535 | 17 | |||||||
L485 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 485 | 570 | 16 | |||||||
Api 5l (psl 1) | A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | For grade B steel,Nb+V ≤ 0.03%;for steel ≥ grade B,optional adding Nb or V or their combination, and Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15% | 172 | 310 | (L0 = 50.8mm) in loo xisaabiyo qaaciddada soo socota: e = 1944 · A.2 / U0 | Midkoodna ama labada ama labadaba ee saameynta saameynta iyo aagga xiirashada ayaa loo baahan yahay side adag. | ||||
A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 207 | 331 | ||||||||
B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 241 | 414 | ||||||||
X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 414 | ||||||||
X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 317 | 434 | ||||||||
X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 359 | 455 | ||||||||
X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 386 | 490 | ||||||||
X60 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 414 | 517 | ||||||||
X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 448 | 531 | ||||||||
X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 483 | 565 |
Faa'iidada wax soo saarka
1. Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee biibiixyada topial this waa xooggiisa aad u fiican. Geedi socodka alxamida ee wareega ayaa awood u siineysa alxanka joogtada ah, sidaasna loo xoojiyo daacadnimada qaabdhismeedka ee tuubbada. Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa inay ku habboon yihiin rarka cabitaannada iyo gaasaska cadaadis sareeya.
2. Habka waxsoosaarka waa wax ku ool ah, oo u oggolaanaya tuubooyinka dhaadheer in la soo saaro iyadoon loo baahnayn kala-goysyada, taas oo noqon karta dhibco daciif ah.
3. Faa'iido kale oo muhiim ah oo ahTuubbada Xirmooyinka Helleelkawaa mid isdaba joog ah. Waxaa lagu soo saari karaa dhexroor kala duwan iyo dhumucyo kaladuwan oo loogu talagalay codsiyo fara badan oo kala duwan oo ka socda gaadiidka saliida iyo gaaska ee loo tago nidaamyada biyaha.
4. Shirkadaha wax soo saarta tuubooyinkan waxay mudnaanta koowaad siineysaa qanacsanaanta macaamiisha waxayna ku siin karaan iibka ka hor, inta lagu jiro iibka, iyo adeegyada iibka kadib. Balanqaadkan wuxuu hubiyaa in macaamiisha ay helaan alaabooyin loogu talagalay baahiyahooda gaarka ah, kor u qaadida khibradda guud.
Wax soosaarka wax soo saarka
1. Geedida alxanka ee wareega ayaa noqon kara mid ka sii dhafan kara qaababka alxanka dhaqameed, kaasoo sababi kara kharashyo wax soo saar sare ah.
2. In kasta oo tuubooyinka xargaha wareega ay xoog badan yihiin, waxaa laga yaabaa inay u adkaystaan noocyada qaarkood ee wax laga beddelo agabyada kale ee tuubbada oo ay u baahan yihiin jaakad ilaalin ama daaweyn.
Warqad maqas
Q1: Waa maxay biibiixyada lafaha koridka?
Tuubbada topial somal ah waxaa lagu dhisay iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab gaar ah oo loo yaqaan hannaanka alxanka. Tikniyoolajiyaddan hal-abuurka leh waxay ku lug leedahay xirmooyin bir ah oo kulul oo la duubay oo loo sameeyay qaab dhulululo ah oo ay ku dhejisay top toper top top. Biyaha ka dhalanaya ma leh oo keliya awood sare laakiin sidoo kale cimri dherer aad u fiican, taasoo ka dhigeysa mid ku habboon codsiyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan gaadiidka saliida iyo gaaska, saadka biyaha iyo taageerada qaab dhismeedka.
Q2
Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee tuubooyinka tayada tayada leh ee tayada leh waa dhismahooda adag. Hawsha alxanka ee wareega ayaa u oggolaata alxanka joogtada ah, kaas oo kor u qaadaya daacadnimada iyo cadaadiska cadaadiska ee tuubbada. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, tuubooyinkan waxaa lagu soo saari karaa cabirro kala duwan iyo dhumucyo si ay u buuxiyaan baahiyaha gaarka ah ee mashaariicda kaladuwan.
Q3. Maxaan ka raadsadaa alaab-qeybiye?
Markii aad dooranaysid alaab-qeybiye tuubooyin ah oo zarting ah, waa muhiim in la xusho shirkad dhigaya qanacsanaanta macaamiisha marka hore. U fiirso alaab-qeybiyeyaasha bixiya iibsiga hore ee iibka, iibka, iyo adeegyada iibka ka dib. Shirkad sumcad leh ayaa hubin doonta in badeecadooda ay la kulmayaan faahfaahinta loo dejiyey oo ay ku hagi karaan shuruudahaaga gaarka ah, hubinta inaad heshid badeecooyin tayo sare leh iyo adeegyo ay macaamiishaadu u mahadcelin doonaan.