Tuubooyinka Qaab-dhismeedka Qaybaha Godan ee Khadadka Gaaska Dabiiciga ah ee Dhulka Hoostiisa
Qaanso wareegsan oo hoosteeda ku jirtatuuboswaxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dhismaha khadadka gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dhulka hoostiisa mara sababtoo ah habka wax soo saarkooda gaarka ah. Tuubooyinka waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo la sameeyo gariirado bir kulul oo la duubay oo qaab wareegsan ah ka dibna lagu alxamo iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka alxanka qaansada ee dhulka hoostiisa mara. Tani waxay soo saartaa tuubooyinka qaansada ee dhulka hoostiisa mara oo xoog badan oo leh dhumuc isku mid ah iyo saxnaan cabbir oo aad u fiican, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku habboon gaadiidka gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dhulka hoostiisa mara.
| Shaxda 2 Astaamaha Fiisikiska iyo Kiimikada ee ugu Muhiimsan ee Tuubooyinka Birta (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 iyo API Spec 5L) | ||||||||||||||
| Heerka Caadiga ah | Heerka Birta | Waxyaabaha Kiimikada ah (%) | Hantida Tijaabada ah | Tijaabada Saamaynta Charpy (V notch) | ||||||||||
| c | Mn | p | s | Si | Kale | Xoog Wax-soo-saar (Mpa) | Xoog Laab Laab (Mpa) | (L0=5.65 √ S0 )Daqiiqo Heerka Fidinta (%) | ||||||
| ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | daq | ugu badan | daq | ugu badan | D ≤ 168.33mm | D > 168.3mm | ||||
| GB/T3091 -2008 | Q215A | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25 < 1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.35 | Ku darista Nb\V\Ti si waafaqsan GB/T1591-94 | 215 |
| 335 |
| 15 | > 31 |
|
| Q215B | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25-0.55 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||||
| Q235A | ≤ 0.22 | 0.30 < 0.65 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
| Q235B | ≤ 0.20 | 0.30 ≤ 1.80 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
| Q295A | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
| Q295B | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
| Q345A | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
| Q345B | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
| GB/T9711-2011(PSL1) | L175 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| Ikhtiyaar ah ku darista mid ka mid ah curiyayaasha Nb\V\Ti ama isku-darka kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah | 175 |
| 310 |
| 27 | Hal ama laba ka mid ah tusmada adkeysiga ee tamarta saameynta iyo aagga jarista ayaa la dooran karaa. Wixii L555 ah, fiiri heerka. | |
| L210 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 210 | 335 | 25 | |||||||
| L245 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 245 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
| L290 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
| L320 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 320 | 435 | 20 | |||||||
| L360 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 360 | 460 | 19 | |||||||
| L390 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 390 | 390 | 18 | |||||||
| L415 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 415 | 520 | 17 | |||||||
| L450 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 450 | 535 | 17 | |||||||
| L485 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 485 | 570 | 16 | |||||||
| API 5L (PSL 1) | A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| Birta heerka B, Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; birta heerka B ≥, ku darista ikhtiyaariga ah Nb ama V ama isku-darka, iyo Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15% | 172 |
| 310 |
| (L0=50.8mm) in lagu xisaabiyo qaacidada soo socota:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A:Bedka muunadda ee mm2 U: Xoogga ugu yar ee la cayimay ee Mpa | Midna ama mid ama labadaba tamarta saameynta iyo aagga jarista looma baahna shuruud adag. | |
| A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| 207 | 331 | |||||||
| B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| 241 | 414 | |||||||
| X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| 290 | 414 | |||||||
| X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| 317 | 434 | |||||||
| X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| 359 | 455 | |||||||
| X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| 386 | 490 | |||||||
| X60 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| 414 | 517 | |||||||
| X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| 448 | 531 | |||||||
| X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| 483 | 565 | |||||||
Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee tuubooyinka qaab-dhismeedka ee qaybaha godan waa iska caabbinta daxalka ee aadka u fiican. Marka dhulka hoostiisa lagu aaso, dhuumaha gaaska dabiiciga ah waxaa la kulma qoyaan, kiimikooyin carro ah iyo walxo kale oo daxal leh. Tuubooyinka qaansada ee wareegsan ee ku jira dhulka hoostiisa waxaa si gaar ah loogu talagalay inay u adkeystaan xaaladahan adag ee dhulka hoostiisa, iyagoo hubinaya cimriga iyo isku halaynta dhuumaha gaaska dabiiciga ah.
Marka laga soo tago iska caabbinta daxalka,tuubooyinka qaab-dhismeedka qaybta godanwaxay bixiyaan xoog iyo xasillooni heer sare ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku habboon rakibidda dhulka hoostiisa. Naqshadeynta wareegsan ee tuubooyinkan waxay bixisaa awood aad u fiican oo qaadi karta culays, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inay u adkaystaan culeyska ciidda iyo awoodaha kale ee dibadda iyagoon wax u dhimayn daacadnimadooda qaab-dhismeedka. Tani waxay si gaar ah muhiim ugu tahay meelaha leh juqraafi adag, halkaas oo dhuumaha ay tahay inay awoodaan inay u adkaystaan dhaqdhaqaaqa dhulka iyo degitaanka.
Intaa waxaa dheer, tuubooyinka qaab-dhismeedka qaybaha godan ayaa loo yaqaanaa kala duwanaansho iyo kharash-oolnimo. Waxay ku yimaadaan cabbirro iyo dhumucyo kala duwan waxaana loo habeyn karaa si ay u daboolaan shuruudaha gaarka ah ee mashaariicda dhuumaha gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dhulka hoostiisa mara. Tani waxay sidoo kale yareyneysaa baahida loo qabo rakibaadyo iyo alxanno dheeraad ah, taasoo keenta rakibid degdeg ah iyo kharashyo guud oo hooseeya. Dabeecadda fudud ee tuubooyinkan ayaa sidoo kale ka dhigaysa gaadiidka iyo maaraynta mid hufan, taasoo sii kordhineysa keydinta kharashka.
Marka ay timaado badbaadada iyo hufnaantaKhadadka gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dhulka hoostiisa mara, xulashada agabka waa muhiim. Tuubooyinka qaab-dhismeedka ee qaybta godan, gaar ahaan tuubooyinka qaansada ee ku dhex jira dhulka hoostiisa, waxay isku daraan xoog, cimri dherer, iska caabin daxalka iyo kharash-oolnimada, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku habboon gudbinta gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dhulka hoostiisa mara. Iyagoo maalgelinaya dhuumaha tayada sare leh ee loogu talagalay xarumaha dhulka hoostiisa mara, shirkadaha gaaska waxay hubin karaan isku halaynta iyo cimri dhererka kaabayaashooda iyagoo yareynaya kharashyada dayactirka iyo dayactirka muddada dheer.
Marka la soo koobo, tuubooyinka qaab-dhismeedka ee godan ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara dhismaha khadadka gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dhulka hoostiisa mara. Iska caabbinta daxalka ee sare, xooggeeda sare iyo waxtarka kharash-oolnimada ayaa ka dhigaya doorashada koowaad ee mashaariicda gaadiidka gaaska dabiiciga ah. Iyagoo dooranaya agabka saxda ah ee xarumaha dhulka hoostiisa mara, shirkadaha gaaska dabiiciga ah waxay ilaalin karaan badbaadada iyo isku halaynta kaabayaashooda, ugu dambayntiina waxay gacan ka geysanayaan sidii si hufan loogu gaarsiin lahaa gaaska dabiiciga ah macaamiisha.







