Qiyaasta shey ee sheyga oo buuxisa baahiyahaaga

Qulqulka lacagta ee PATH-yada ee buuxisa baahiyahaaga muuqaalka muuqaalka

Sharraxaadda Gaaban:

Tuubbadayada birta ee STHh ayaa la soo saaray iyadoo la adeegsanayo tikniyoolajiyadda horumarsan oo ay mariyaan kormeer tayo badan oo tayo badan leh si loo hubiyo inay la kulmaan heerarka ugu sareeya ee warshadaha. Tan iyo markii aan aasaasay 1993, waxaa naga go'an in heer sare ah waxaanna noqonay soo saaraha hogaaminta ee ku jira warshadaha tuubbada birta.

U dir emaylka

Si faahfaafo

Calaamadaha wax soo saarka

Waxay ku taalaa wadnaha magaalada Canberi, gobolka Hebei, warshaddeena farshaxanka ee-farshaxanka ayaa daboolaysa 350,000 mitir oo laba jibbaaran oo leh wadarta guud ee RMB 680 milyan. Waxaan leenahay 680 shaqaale xirfad leh oo u heellan soosaarka tuubooyinka birta ee aan la kulmin laakiin ka badan waxa ka sareeya macaamiishayada.

Loogu talagalay inay ku habboon tahay codsiyo fara badan oo kala duwan, lacag bixinTuubooyinka Shedwaxay ku habboon yihiin dhismaha, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha iyo mashaariic fara badan oo warshadeed. Tuubooyinkayagu waxay caan ku yihiin cimrigooda, xoogga iyo iska caabbinta, hubinta inay ku kalsoonaadaan xitaa jawiga ugu baahisan.

Wax karasho soosaar ah

Dhexroor dibadda ah (D)		Dhumucda darbiga ee la cayimay ee mm	Cadaadiska ugu yar ee baaritaanka (MPA)
Dhexroor dibadda ah (D)			Fasalka birta
in	mm		L210 (a)	L245 (b)	L290 (X42)	L320 (x46)	L360 (x52)	L390 (x56)	L415 (x60)	L450 (x65)	L485 (x70)	L555 (x80)
8-5 / 8	219.1	5.0	5.8	6.7	9.9	11.0	12.3	13.4	14.2	15.4	16.6	19.0
		7.0	8.1	9.4	13.9	15.3	17.3	18.7	19.9	20.7	20.7	20.7
		10.0	11.5	13.4	19.9	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
9-5 / 8	244.5	5.0	5.2	6.0	10.1	11.1	12.5	13.6	14.4	15.6	16.9	19.3
		7.0	7.2	8.4	14.1	15.6	17.5	19.0	20.2	20.7	20.7	20.7
		10.0	10.3	12.0	20.2	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
10-3 / 4	273.1	5.0	4.6	5.4	9.0	10.1	11.2	12.1	12.9	14.0	15.1	17.3
		7.0	6.5	7.5	12.6	13.9	15.7	17.0	18.1	19.6	20.7	20.7
		10.0	9.2	10.8	18.1	19.9	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
12-3 / 4	323.9	5.0	3.9	4.5	7.6	8.4	9.4	10.2	10.9	11.8	12.7	14.6
		7.0	5.5	6.5	10.7	11.8	13.2	14.3	15.2	16.5	17.8	20.4
		10.0	7.8	9.1	15.2	16.8	18.9	20.5	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
	(325.0)	5.0	3.9	4.5	7.6	8.4	9.4	10.2	10.9	11.8	12.7	14.5
		7.0	5.4	6.3	10.6	11.7	13.2	14.3	15.2	16.5	17.8	20.3
		10.0	7.8	9.0	15.2	16.7	18.8	20.4	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
13-3 / 8	339.7	5.0	3.7	4.3	7.3	8.0	9.0	9.8	10.4	11.3	12.1	13.9
		8.0	5.9	6.9	11.6	12.8	14.4	15.6	16.6	18.0	19.4	20.7
		12.0	8.9	10.4	17.4	19.2	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
14	355.6	6.0	4.3	5.0	8.3	9.2	10.3	11.2	11.9	12.9	13.9	15.9
		8.0	5.7	6.6	11.1	12.2	13.8	14.9	15.9	17.2	18.6	20.7
		12.0	8.5	9.9	16.6	18.4	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
	(377.0)	6.0	4.0	4.7	7.8	8.6	9.7	10.6	11.2	12.2	131	15.0
		8.0	5.3	6.2	10.5	11.5	13.0	14.1	15.0	16.2	17.5	20.0
		12.0	8.0	9.4	15.7	17.3	19.5	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
16	406.4	6.0	3.7	4.3	7.3	8.0	9.0	9.8	10.4	11.3	12.2	13.9
		8.0	5.0	5.8	9.7	10.7	12.0	131	13.9	15.1	16.2	18.6
		12.0	7.4	8.7	14.6	16.1	18.1	19.6	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
	(426.0)	6.0	3.5	4.1	6.9	7.7	8.6	9.3	9.9	10.8	11.6	13.3
		8.0	4.7	5.5	9.3	10.2	11.5	12.5	13.2	14.4	15.5	17.7
		12.0	7.1	8.3	13.9	15.3	17.2	18.7	19.9	20.7	20.7	20.7
18	457.0	6.0	3.3	3.9	6.5	7.1	8.0	8.7	9.3	10.0	10.8	12.4
		8.0	4.4	5.1	8.6	9.5	10.7	11.6	12.4	13.4	14.4	16.5
		12.0	6.6	7.7	12.9	14.3	16.1	17.4	18.5	20.1	20.7	20.7
20	508.0	6.0	3.0	3.5	6.2	6.8	7.7	8.3	8.8	9.6	10.3	11.8
		8.0	4.0	4.6	8.2	9.1	10.2	11.1	11.8	12.8	13.7	15.7
		12.0	6.0	6.9	12.3	13.6	15.3	16.6	17.6	19.1	20.6	20.7
		16.0	7.9	9.3	16.4	18.1	20.4	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
	(529.0)	6.0	2.9	3.3	5.9	6.5	7.3	8.0	8.5	9.2	9.9	11.3
		9.0	4.3	5.0	8.9	9.8	11.0	11.9	12.7	13.8	14.9	17.0
		12.0	5.7	6.7	11.8	131	14.7	15.9	16.9	18.4	19.8	20.7
		14.0	6.7	7.8	13.8	15.2	17.1	18.6	19.8	20.7	20.7	20.7
		16.0	7.6	8.9	15.8	17.4	19.6	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
22	559.0	6.0	2.7	3.2	5.6	6.2	7.0	7.5	8.0	8.7	9.4	10.7
		9.0	4.1	4.7	8.4	9.3	10.4	11.3	12.0	13.0	14.1	16.1
		12.0	5.4	6.3	11.2	12.4	13.9	15.1	16.0	17.4	18.7	20.7
		14.0	6.3	7.4	131	14.4	16.2	17.6	18.7	20.3	20.7	20.7
		19.1	8.6	10.0	17.8	19.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
		22.2	10.0	11.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
24	610.0	6.0	2.5	2.9	5.1	5.7	6.4	6.9	7.3	8.0	8.6	9.8
		9.0	3.7	4.3	7.7	8.5	9.6	10.4	11.0	12.0	12.9	14.7
		12.0	5.0	5.8	10.3	11.3	12.7	13.8	14.7	15.9	17.2	19.7
		14.0	5.8	6.8	12.0	13.2	14.9	16.1	17.1	18.6	20.0	20.7
		19.1	7.9	9.1	16.3	17.9	20.2	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
		25.4	10.5	12.0	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
	(630.0)	6.0	2.4	2.8	5.0	5.5	6.2	6.7	7.1	7.7	8.3	9.5
		9.0	3.6	4.2	7.5	8.2	9.3	10.0	10.7	11.6	12.5	14.3
		12.0	4.8	5.6	9.9	11.0	12.3	13.4	14.2	15.4	16.6	19.0
		16.0	6.4	7.5	13.3	14.6	16.5	17.8	19.0	20.6	20.7	20.7
		19.1	7.6	8.9	15.8	17.5	19.6	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7
		25.4	10.2	11.9	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7	20.7

Habka wax soo saarka ayaa ka bilaabanaya ku soo biirista xargaha birta dhamaadka dhamaadka si loo dhammeeyo iyadoo la adeegsanayo mono- ama mataanaha-silig-ka-qumman ee arc. Hawshani waxay xaqiijineysaa xiriir aan xad lahayn oo u dhexeeya madaxa iyo dabada, kor u qaadida xaqiijinta qaabdhismeedka ee tuubbada. Intaas ka dib, xargaha birta waxaa lagu duubay qaab tuubbo tuubbo ah. Si loo sii xoojiyo dhuumaha, alxanka si otomaatiga ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa in alxanka lagu hagaajiyo. Hawsha alxanka ayaa ku dartay lakab dheeraad ah oo cimri dheer ah, taasoo u oggolaaneysa tuubbada inay u adkeystaan xaaladaha deegaanka ee adag.

Faa'iidada wax soo saarka

1. Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee tuubbada shey ee shehh waa awooddeeda aan caadi ahayn iyo cimri dheeri ah.

2. Baadhitaanno tayo badan oo tayo badan leh ayaa hubi in tuubooyin kasta ay la kulmaan heerarka warshadaha, iyadoo la siinayo injineerrada iyo maamulka mashruuca nabada maskaxda.

3. Faa'iido kale oo muhiim u ah tuubooyinka Sthh waa is-kala-baxa. Waxaa lagu soo saari karaa cabbirro kala duwan iyo dhumucyo waxaana loo habeyn karaa inay ku habboon yihiin shuruudaha mashruuca gaarka ah. Laqabsashadaani waxay ka dhigeysaa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyo fara badan, iyagoo kor u qaadaya rafcaankooda qandaraaslayaasha iyo kuwa wax dhisa.

Wax soosaarka wax soo saarka

1. Tuubbada tayada tayada leh guud ahaan waxay ka qaalisan yihiin tuubooyinka caadiga ah. Mashaariicda miisaaniyada-miyir-qaadashada ee miyir-qabka ah, tani waxay noqon kartaa qodob xaddidan.

2. In kasta oo tikniyoolajiyadda horumarsan loo adeegsado soosaarista waxay xaqiijineysaa tayo sare, waxay sidoo kale ku dambayn kartaa waqtiyo dheer, oo saameeya jadwalka mashruuca.

Warqad maqas

Q1. Waa maxay tuubada sheyga?

Tuubbada sheygu waa nooc ka mid ah nooca loo yaqaan 'spice-ka arc' oo loo yaqaan tuubbadeeda oo loo yaqaan xooggiisa iyo cimrigiisa. Waxaa laga sameeyaa strips steel steel ah oo ku habboon codsiyada cadaadiska sare.

Q2. Warshadeeya noocee ah oo adeegsanaya tuubooyinka sheyga?

Tuubbadayada Sodh waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha sida dhismaha, biyaha, saadka biyaha, saliida iyo gaaska, iyo mashaariicda kaabayaasha sababtuna tahay adkaalkooda iyo isku halaynta.

Q3. Sideen u doortaa tuubbada xaqa ee makhriska ah ee mashruucayga?

Tixgeli qodobo ay ka mid yihiin dhexroor, dhumucda darbiyada iyo shuruudaha mashruuca-gaarka ah. Kooxdayadu waxay kaa caawin karaan inaad doorato ikhtiyaarka ugu fiican ee aad ka soo baxdo baahiyahaaga.

Q4. Tallaabooyin dammaanad qaad ah oo tayo leh ayaa jira?

Waxaan u hirgelinaynaa habraacyo xakameyn tayo leh oo tayo leh marxalad kasta oo wax soo saarka ah si loo hubiyo in tuubooyinkayaga Sodh ay la kulmaan heerar caalami ah iyo rajooyinka macaamiisha.