Tuubooyinka Tolmada Wareega ee Tuubooyinka Biyaha ee ugu Muhiimsan
Dhismaha kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, agabka la isticmaalo wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa cimriga iyo shaqada mashruuca. Hal agab oo lagama maarmaan u ah warshadaha kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha waa tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan. Tuubooyinkan waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa adeegyo kala duwan sida tuubooyinka biyaha iyo tuubooyinka gaaska, qeexitaankooda, oo ay ku jiraan tuubooyinka tolmada alxanka iyo kuwa wareegsan, ayaa muhiim u ah hubinta waxqabadkooda. Blog-kan, waxaan si qoto dheer u eegi doonnaaqeexidda biibiile oo muquunsan oo la weldediyo muhiimaddooda warshadaha dhismaha.
Stuubo tolmo ahswaxaa lagu dhisay hab loo yaqaan habka alxanka wareegsan. Hawshu waxay ku lug leedahay isticmaalka gariiradaha birta kulul ee la duubay si loo sameeyo qaab dhululubo ah ka dibna lagu dhejiyo tolmo wareegsan. Natiijadu waa tuubo leh xoog sare iyo cimri dherer, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon codsiyo badan. Tuubooyinkan waxay isticmaalaantuubo alxanTiknoolajiyada inta lagu jiro dhismaha, iyadoo la hubinayo inay u adkeysan karaan arrimo deegaan iyo cadaadisyo kala duwan, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku habboon isticmaalka dhulka hoostiisa iyo biyaha hoostooda.
| Sifooyinka Fiisikiska iyo Kiimikada ee ugu Muhiimsan ee Tuubooyinka Birta ah (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 iyo API Spec 5L) | ||||||||||||||
| Heerka Caadiga ah | Heerka Birta | Waxyaabaha Kiimikada ah (%) | Hantida Tijaabada ah | Tijaabada Saamaynta Charpy (V notch) | ||||||||||
| c | Mn | p | s | Si | Kale | Xoog Wax-soo-saar (Mpa) | Xoog Laab Laab (Mpa) | (L0=5.65 √ S0 )Daqiiqo Heerka Fidinta (%) | ||||||
| ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | daq | ugu badan | daq | ugu badan | D ≤ 168.33mm | D > 168.3mm | ||||
| GB/T3091 -2008 | Q215A | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25 < 1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.35 | Ku darista Nb\V\Ti si waafaqsan GB/T1591-94 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||
| Q215B | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25-0.55 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||||
| Q235A | ≤ 0.22 | 0.30 < 0.65 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
| Q235B | ≤ 0.20 | 0.30 ≤ 1.80 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
| Q295A | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
| Q295B | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
| Q345A | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
| Q345B | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
| GB/T9711-2011(PSL1) | L175 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Ikhtiyaar ah ku darista mid ka mid ah curiyayaasha Nb\V\Ti ama isku-darka kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah | 175 | 310 | 27 | Hal ama laba ka mid ah tusmada adkeysiga ee tamarta saameynta iyo aagga jarista ayaa la dooran karaa. Wixii L555 ah, fiiri heerka. | ||||
| L210 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 210 | 335 | 25 | |||||||
| L245 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 245 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
| L290 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
| L320 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 320 | 435 | 20 | |||||||
| L360 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 360 | 460 | 19 | |||||||
| L390 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 390 | 390 | 18 | |||||||
| L415 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 415 | 520 | 17 | |||||||
| L450 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 450 | 535 | 17 | |||||||
| L485 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 485 | 570 | 16 | |||||||
| API 5L (PSL 1) | A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Birta heerka B, Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; birta heerka B ≥, ku darista ikhtiyaariga ah Nb ama V ama isku-darka, iyo Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15% | 172 | 310 | (L0=50.8mm) in lagu xisaabiyo qaacidada soo socota:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A:Bedka muunadda ee mm2 U: Xoogga ugu yar ee la cayimay ee Mpa | Midna ama mid ama labadaba tamarta saameynta iyo aagga jarista looma baahna shuruud adag. | ||||
| A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 207 | 331 | ||||||||
| B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 241 | 414 | ||||||||
| X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 414 | ||||||||
| X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 317 | 434 | ||||||||
| X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 359 | 455 | ||||||||
| X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 386 | 490 | ||||||||
| X60 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 414 | 517 | ||||||||
| X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 448 | 531 | ||||||||
| X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 483 | 565 | ||||||||
Marka la tixgelinayo qeexitaannada tuubooyinka tolmada wareegsan, waxaa muhiim ah in diiradda la saaro arrimaha muhiimka ah sida dhexroorka, dhumucda derbiga iyo heerka agabka. Dhexroorka tuubooyinka ayaa go'aamiya awoodda ay u leedahay inay qaaddo dareere ama gaas, halka dhumucda derbigu ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaarto daacadnimada qaab-dhismeedka iyo iska caabbinta cadaadiska. Intaa waxaa dheer, heerka agabka wuxuu matalaa tayada iyo halabuurka birta la isticmaalay waana tixgelin muhiim ah oo lagu hubinayo cimriga iyo waxqabadka tuubada marka la isticmaalo.
Dhismahatuubooyinka biyaha ugu muhiimsan, tuubooyinka tolmada wareega waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin badan. Xooggooda sare ee jiidista iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon in biyaha lagu qaado masaafooyin dhaadheer, halka dabacsanaantoodu ay u oggolaanayso in si fudud loogu rakibo hareeraha caqabadaha iyo dhulalka adag. Intaa waxaa dheer, isticmaalka tuubooyinka tolmada wareega ee dhuumaha gaaska dabiiciga ah waxay hubinayaan gaadiidka badbaadada iyo hufnaanta leh ee gaaska dabiiciga ah, taasoo siinaysa ilo muhiim ah qaybaha guryaha, ganacsiga iyo warshadaha.
Dhinaca kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, qeexitaannada tuubooyinka tolmada wareega waxaa xukuma heerarka warshadaha iyo qawaaniinta si loo hubiyo tayadooda iyo waxqabadkooda. Tusaale ahaan, Machadka Batroolka Mareykanka (API) wuxuu sameeyay heerar loogu talagalay soo saarista iyo isticmaalka tuubooyinka tolmada wareega kuwaas oo qeexaya shuruudaha cabbirka, xoogga, iyo hababka tijaabada. Intaa waxaa dheer, Bulshada Mareykanka ee Tijaabada iyo Qalabka (ASTM) waxay bixisaa qaab-dhismeedka agabka iyo qeexitaannada hantida farsamada ee tuubooyinka tolmada wareega si loo sii hubiyo isku hallayntooda iyo u hoggaansanaanta heerarka warshadaha.
Marka la soo koobo, qeexitaanka tuubooyinka laalaaban ee wareegsan ayaa muhiim u ah doorkooda dhismaha kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha. Hadday tahay in loo isticmaalo tuubooyinka biyaha amakhadadka shidaalka, tuubooyinkani waxay bixiyaan xoog aan la barbar dhigi karin, cimri dherer iyo kala duwanaansho, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo aan laga maarmi karin adduunka casriga ah. Iyadoo la raacayo heerarka iyo qawaaniinta warshadaha, isticmaalka tuubooyinka tolmada wareegsan waxay hubinayaan badbaadada iyo hufnaanta nidaamyada kaabayaasha muhiimka ah, taasoo u gogol xaaraysa horumar waara iyo horumar bulsho.








