Tuubooyinka xargaha wareega ee tuubooyinka biyaha waaweyn
Dhismaha kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, agabyada loo isticmaalo waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan muddada dheer iyo waxqabadka mashruuca. Hal shey oo lagama maarmaan u ah warshadaha kaabayaasha ayaa ah tuubbooyinka welwelka leh. Tuubooyinkaani waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa codsiyo kala duwan sida mainka biyaha iyo tuubooyinka gaaska, iyo faahfaahintooda, oo ay kujiraan tuubooyinka xargaha iyo xarkaha xamuulka ah, ay muhiim u yihiin hubinta wax qabadkooda. Blog-kaan, waxaan u qaadan doonaa muuqaal qoto dheer oo qoto dheersharaxaada tuubbooyinka dharka ah ee wareegaiyo muhiimadooda ay ku leedahay warshadaha dhismaha.
SBurburinta tuubbadaswaxaa lagu dhisay iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab loo yaqaan hannaanka alxanka ee wareega. Hawshu waxay ku lug leedahay adeegsiga xirmooyinka kulul ee bir-bir ah si loogu sameeyo qaab dhulululo ah ka dibna ay ka dhigto gogosha wareega. Natiijadu waa tuubbo xoog sare iyo cimri dherer sare, taasoo ka dhigeysa mid ku habboon codsiyada kala duwan. Tuubooyinkan ayaa adeegsanayatuubada weldedTiknolojiyadda inta lagu gudajiro dhismaha, hubinta inay u adkaystaan arrimo badan oo deegaanka ah iyo culeysyo badan, iyaga oo ka dhigaya inay ku habboon yihiin isticmaalka dhulka hoostiisa iyo biyaha hoostiisa.
Sifooyinka ugu weyn ee jirka iyo kiimikada ee tuubooyinka birta (GB / T3091-2008, GB / T9711-2011 iyo API-da 5l) | ||||||||||||||
Caadi ah | Fasalka birta | Kuwa kiimikada (%) | Hantida Tsile | Therpy (v notch) tijaabada saameynta saameynta | ||||||||||
c | Mn | p | s | Si | Kale | Xoog soo saar (MPA) | Xoog TSenlisle (MPA) | (L0 = 5.65 √ S-10) Ming fiditaan (%) | ||||||
dixiri | dixiri | dixiri | dixiri | dixiri | min | dixiri | min | dixiri | D ≤ 168.33mm | D> 168.3mm | ||||
GB / T3091 -2008 | Q215a | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25 <1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.35 | Ku darista nb \ v \ ti iyadoo la raacayo GB / T1591-94 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||
Q215b | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25-0.55 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||||
Q235A | ≤ 0.22 | 0.30 <0.65 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | > 26 | |||||
Q235b | ≤ 0.20 | 0.30 ≤ 1.80 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | > 26 | |||||
Q295A | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | > 23 | |||||
Q295b | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | > 23 | |||||
Q345A | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | > 21 | |||||
Q345b | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | > 21 | |||||
GB / T9711-2011 (PSL1) | L175 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Ikhtiyaar ah oo ku daraya mid ka mid ah walxaha nb \ v \ timit ama wax kasta oo ka mid ah | 175 | 310 | 27 | Hal ama laba ka mid ah tusmada adag ee saameynta saameynta tamarta iyo aagga ijaarka ayaa la dooran karaa. L555, arag heerka caadiga ah. | ||||
L210 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 210 | 335 | 25 | |||||||
L245 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 245 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
L290 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
L320 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 320 | 435 | 20 | |||||||
L360 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 360 | 460 | 19 | |||||||
L390 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 390 | 390 | 18 | |||||||
L415 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 415 | 520 | 17 | |||||||
L450 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 450 | 535 | 17 | |||||||
L485 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 485 | 570 | 16 | |||||||
Api 5l (psl 1) | A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | For grade B steel,Nb+V ≤ 0.03%;for steel ≥ grade B,optional adding Nb or V or their combination, and Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15% | 172 | 310 | (L0 = 50.8mm) in loo xisaabiyo qaaciddada soo socota: e = 1944 · A.2 / U0 | Midkoodna ama labada ama labadaba ee saameynta saameynta iyo aagga xiirashada ayaa loo baahan yahay side adag. | ||||
A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 207 | 331 | ||||||||
B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 241 | 414 | ||||||||
X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 414 | ||||||||
X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 317 | 434 | ||||||||
X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 359 | 455 | ||||||||
X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 386 | 490 | ||||||||
X60 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 414 | 517 | ||||||||
X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 448 | 531 | ||||||||
X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 483 | 565 |
Markaad tixgalinayso faahfaahinta biibiilada topiral this, waxaa muhiim ah in diirada la saaro qodobbada muhiimka ah sida dhexroor, dhumuc weyn oo darbiyada ah iyo shaashadda maaddada. Dhexroorkii tuubbada tuubbada ayaa go'aamisa awooda lagu qaado dareere ama gaas, halka dhumucda derbiga uu ka ciyaaro door muhiim ah daacadnimadiisa qaabdhismeedka iyo iska caabinta cadaadiska. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, darajooyinka shayga ayaa matalaya tayada iyo halabuurka birta loo isticmaalo waana tixgelin muhiim ah oo lagu hubinayo dhererka iyo waxqabadka tuubbada si arji ah.
Dhismahatuubooyinka biyaha ee ugu waaweyn, tuubooyinka xargaha wareega ayaa leh faa iidooyin badan. Xooggooda sare iyo iska caabbinta dhibanaynta ayaa ku habboon inay biyo u qaadaan masaafo dheer, halka dabacsanaantooda ay u oggolaadaan rakibaadda fudud ee ku saabsan caqabadaha iyo dhulka adag. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, isticmaalka tuubooyinka tuubooyinka xargaha ee wareega ee dhuumaha gaaska dabiiciga ah waxay hubisaa gaadiidka gaaska dabiiciga ah ee gaaska dabiiciga ah ee gaaska dabiiciga ah, oo siiya ilo muhiim ah waaxaha dhismaha, ganacsiga iyo warshadaha.
Qeexitaanka kaabayaasha, faahfaahinta tuubooyinka korantada ee wareega waxaa xukuma heerarka warshadaha iyo qawaaniinta si loo hubiyo tayadooda iyo wax qabadkooda. Tusaale ahaan, Machadka Batroolka Mareykanka (API) wuxuu soo saaray heerar loogu talagalay wax soo saarka iyo adeegsiga tuubbada wareega-zire-tompas oo qeexaya shuruudaha cabirka, xoogga, iyo hanaanka imtixaanka. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, bulshada Mareykanka ee imtixaanka iyo agabyada (ASTM) waxay bixisaa walxaha sheyga iyo faahfaahinta farsamada hantida si loo sii hubiyo isku haleyntooda iyo u hoggaansanaanta heerarka warshadaha.
Marka la soo koobo, qeexitaanka tuubbooyinka dharka lagu xiro ayaa muhiim u ah doorkooda ku yimaadda kaabayaasha kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha. Haddii loo isticmaalo maadada biyaha amaKhadadka gaaska, Tuuladaani waxay bixiyaan awood aan kala go 'lahayn, cimri dherer iyo is-waafajin, taasoo ka dhigeysa mid lama huraan ah adduunka casriga ah. Adoo ku horimanaya heerarka warshadaha iyo qawaaniinta, isticmaalka tuubooyinka tuubooyinka wareega ee wareegaya iyo hufnaanta nidaamyada kaabayaasha muhiimka ah, oo wadada u furaya horumarka horumarka iyo horumarka bulshada.