Dhuumaha Tolmada Spiral ee Dhuumaha Biyaha Muhiimka ah
Dhismaha kaabayaasha, agabka loo isticmaalo waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan cimriga dheer iyo shaqaynta mashruuca.Mid ka mid ah maaddooyinka lagama maarmaanka u ah warshadaha kaabayaasha ayaa ah dhuumaha alxanka leh.Tuubooyinkan waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa noocyo kala duwan oo codsiyo ah sida mareenada biyaha iyo tuubooyinka gaaska, iyo qeexitaankooda, oo ay ku jiraan tuubooyinka alxanka iyo kuwa wareega, ayaa muhiim u ah xaqiijinta waxqabadkooda.Blog-kan, waxaan si qoto dheer u eegi doonaaqeexidda tuubada alxanka leh ee wareegsaniyo muhiimada ay u leeyihiin warshadaha dhismaha.
Stuubada tolitaanka burcad-badeeddaswaxaa lagu dhisay hab loo yaqaan habka alxanka spiral.Nidaamku waxa uu ku lug leeyahay isticmaalka gariiradaha kulul ee birta ah si loo sameeyo qaab cylindrical ah ka dibna lagu alxanayo tollayn wareeg ah.Natiijadu waa tuubo leh xoog sare iyo adkeysi, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon codsiyo kala duwan.Tuubooyinkan ayaa isticmaalatuubo alxantignoolajiyada inta lagu jiro dhismaha, hubinta in ay u adkeysan karaan arrimo kala duwan oo deegaanka ah iyo cadaadiska, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon isticmaalka dhulka hoostiisa iyo biyaha hoostooda.
Tilmaamaha ugu Muhiimsan ee Jirka iyo Kiimikada ee Tuubooyinka Birta (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 iyo API Spec 5L) | ||||||||||||||
Heerka | Heerka Birta | Qaybaha Kiimikada (%) | Hanti Jilicsan | Imtixaanka Saamaynta Charpy (V notch). | ||||||||||
c | Mn | p | s | Si | Mid kale | Xoogga Wax-soosaarka (Mpa) | Xooga Jilicsan (Mpa) | (L0=5.65 √ S0) Daqadda fiditaanka (%) | ||||||
max | max | max | max | max | min | max | min | max | D ≤ 168.33mm | D > 168.3mm | ||||
GB/T3091 -2008 | Q215A | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25 | 1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.35 | Ku darista Nb\V\Ti si waafaqsan GB/T1591-94 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||
Q215B | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25-0.55 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||||
Q235A | ≤ 0.22 | 0.30 0.65 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
Q235B | ≤ 0.20 | 0.30 ≤ 1.80 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
Q295A | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
Q295B | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
Q345A | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
Q345B | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
GB/T9711-2011 (PSL1) | L175 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Ikhtiyaarka ku darida mid ka mid ah walxaha Nb\VTi ama wax kasta oo la isku daro | 175 | 310 | 27 | Hal ama laba ka mid ah tusmada adkaanta ee saamaynta tamarta iyo aagga dhogorta ayaa la dooran karaa.Wixii L555, eeg heerka. | ||||
L210 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 210 | 335 | 25 | |||||||
L245 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 245 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
L290 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
L320 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 320 | 435 | 20 | |||||||
L360 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 360 | 460 | 19 | |||||||
L390 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 390 | 390 | 18 | |||||||
L415 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 415 | 520 | 17 | |||||||
L450 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 450 | 535 | 17 | |||||||
L485 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 485 | 570 | 16 | |||||||
API 5L (PSL 1) | A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Heerka B birta, Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; birta ≥ darajada B, ku darida Nb ama V ama isku darka, iyo Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15% | 172 | 310 | (L0=50.8mm) in lagu xisaabiyo si waafaqsan qaacidada soo socota:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 | Midna ama mid ama labadaba tamarta saameynta iyo aagga xiirashada ayaa looga baahan yahay cabbir adag ahaan. | ||||
A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 207 | 331 | ||||||||
B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 241 | 414 | ||||||||
X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 414 | ||||||||
X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 317 | 434 | ||||||||
X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 359 | 455 | ||||||||
X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 386 | 490 | ||||||||
X60 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 414 | 517 | ||||||||
X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 448 | 531 | ||||||||
X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 483 | 565 |
Markaad tixgalinayso qeexida tuubada tollaynta, waxaa muhiim ah in diirada la saaro qodobbada muhiimka ah sida dhexroorka, dhumucda derbiga iyo heerka walxaha.Dhexroorka tuubada ayaa go'aamisa awoodda ay u leedahay in ay qaado dareeraha ama gaaska, halka dhumucda gidaarka ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaareyso qaabdhismeedkeeda iyo caabbinta cadaadiska.Intaa waxaa dheer, darajada maaddadu waxay ka dhigan tahay tayada iyo isku dhafka birta loo isticmaalo waxayna tixgelin muhiim ah u tahay hubinta muddada dheer iyo waxqabadka tuubada codsiga la bixiyay.
In dhismaha eedhuumaha ugu muhiimsan ee biyaha, dhuumaha tolitaanka spiral waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin badan.Xooggooda sare ee adag iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon in lagu qaado biyaha masaafo dheer, halka dabacsanaantoodu ay u oggolaanayso in si fudud loogu rakibo caqabadaha iyo dhul adag.Intaa waxaa dheer, isticmaalka dhuumaha tolitaanka wareega ee dhuumaha gaaska dabiiciga ah waxay hubinayaan gaadiidka badbaadada iyo waxtarka leh ee gaaska dabiiciga ah, siinta kheyraad muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay qaybaha degaanka, ganacsiga iyo warshadaha.
Dhinaca kaabayaasha, qeexitaannada tuubooyinka tollayntu waxay xukumaan heerarka warshadaha iyo xeerarka si loo hubiyo tayada iyo waxqabadkooda.Tusaale ahaan, Machadka Batroolka Maraykanka (API) waxa uu soo saaray jaangooyooyin loogu talagalay samaynta iyo isticmaalka tuubada spiral-seam taasoo qeexaysa shuruudaha cabbirka, xoogga, iyo hababka tijaabada.Intaa waxaa dheer, Bulshada Mareykanka ee Tijaabinta iyo Qalabka (ASTM) waxay bixisaa halabuurka walxaha iyo qeexida hantida farsamada ee tuubooyinka tollaynta si ay u sii hubiyaan isku halaynta iyo u hoggaansanaanta heerarka warshadaha.
Marka la soo koobo, qeexida tuubooyinka welded ee wareegsan ayaa muhiim u ah doorkooda dhismaha kaabayaasha.Haddi loo isticmaalo marinka biyaha amakhadadka gaaska, tuubooyinkani waxay bixiyaan xoog aan la soo koobi karin, adkeysi iyo karti badan, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aan looga maarmin adduunka casriga ah.Iyadoo la raacayo heerarka warshadaha iyo qawaaniinta, isticmaalka tuubooyinka tolitaanka wareega waxay hubisaa badbaadada iyo waxtarka hababka kaabayaasha muhiimka ah, taasoo u gogol xaareysa horumar waara iyo horumar bulsho.