Tuubbo Alxan leh oo loogu talagalay Dabka Dabka
Waan ku faraxsanahay inaan soo bandhigno adeegyadeena ugu sarreeyatuubo tolmo muquuninta ah oo la weldedkhadka, oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay tuubooyinka khadka iyo tuubooyinka dabka ee loogu talagalay codsiyada dhexroorka weyn. Tuubooyinkayaga tolmada wareegsan ee tolmada wareegsan ayaa ah xalka ugu habboon warshadaha u baahan nidaamyada tuubooyinka waara oo la isku halleyn karo. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka ee horumarsan iyo agab tayo sare leh, tuubooyinkayaga tolmada wareegsan ee tolmada wareegsan waxay buuxiyaan oo dhaafaan heerarka warshadaha.
Tuubada tolmada wareegsan ee la isku tolay waxay tilmaamaysaa tuubo bir ah oo leh tolmo wareegsan oo lagu dhejiyay habka alxanka qaansada ee hoos yimaada. Habkani wuxuu hubiyaa alxan adag oo joogto ah oo ku teedsan dhererka tuubada, taasoo siinaysa xoog iyo cimri dheer. Khadadka tuubooyinka tolmada wareegsan ee la isku tolay waxaa loogu talagalay inay u adkeystaan adkaysta shuruudaha codsiga, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku habboon warshado kala duwan.
| Dhexroorka Dibadda ee Magacaaban | Dhumucda Darbiga Magacaaban (mm) | ||||||||||||||
| mm | In | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 |
| Miisaanka Halkii Halbeeg Dhererka (kg/m) | |||||||||||||||
| 219.1 | 8-5/8 | 31.53 | 36.61 | 41.65 | |||||||||||
| 273.1 | 10-3/4 | 39.52 | 45.94 | 52.30 | |||||||||||
| 323.9 | 12-3/4 | 47.04 | 54.71 | 62.32 | 69.89 | 77.41 | |||||||||
| (325) | 47.20 | 54.90 | 62.54 | 70.14 | 77.68 | ||||||||||
| 355.6 | 14 | 51.73 | 60.18 | 68.58 | 76.93 | 85.23 | |||||||||
| (377.0) | 54.89 | 63.87 | 72.80 | 81.67 | 90.50 | ||||||||||
| 406.4 | 16 | 59.25 | 68.95 | 78.60 | 88.20 | 97.76 | 107.26 | 116.72 | |||||||
| (426.0) | 62.14 | 72.33 | 82.46 | 92.55 | 102.59 | 112.58 | 122.51 | ||||||||
| 457 | 18 | 66.73 | 77.68 | 88.58 | 99.44 | 110.24 | 120.99 | 131.69 | |||||||
| (478.0) | 69.84 | 81.30 | 92.72 | 104.09 | 115.41 | 126.69 | 137.90 | ||||||||
| 508.0 | 20 | 74.28 | 86.49 | 98.65 | 110.75 | 122.81 | 134.82 | 146.79 | 158.69 | 170.56 | |||||
| (529.0) | 77.38 | 90.11 | 102.78 | 115.40 | 127.99 | 140.52 | 152.99 | 165.43 | 177.80 | ||||||
| 559.0 | 22 | 81.82 | 95.29 | 108.70 | 122.07 | 135.38 | 148.65 | 161.88 | 175.04 | 188.17 | |||||
| 610.0 | 24 | 89.37 | 104.10 | 118.77 | 133.39 | 147.97 | 162.48 | 176.97 | 191.40 | 205.78 | |||||
| (630.0) | 92.33 | 107.54 | 122.71 | 137.83 | 152.90 | 167.92 | 182.89 | 197.81 | 212.68 | ||||||
| 660.0 | 26 | 96.77 | 112.73 | 128.63 | 144.48 | 160.30 | 176.05 | 191.77 | 207.43 | 223.04 | |||||
| 711.0 | 28 | 104.32 | 121.53 | 138.70 | 155.81 | 172.88 | 189.89 | 206.86 | 223.78 | 240.65 | 257.47 | 274.24 | |||
| (720.0) | 105.65 | 123.09 | 140.47 | 157.81 | 175.10 | 192.34 | 209.52 | 226.66 | 243.75 | 260.80 | 277.79 | ||||
| 762.0 | 30 | 111.86 | 130.34 | 148.76 | 167.13 | 185.45 | 203.73 | 211.95 | 240.13 | 258.26 | 276.33 | 294.36 | |||
| 813.0 | 32 | 119.41 | 139.14 | 158.82 | 178.45 | 198.03 | 217.56 | 237.05 | 256.48 | 275.86 | 295.20 | 314.48 | |||
| (820.0) | 120.45 | 140.35 | 160.20 | 180.00 | 199.76 | 219.46 | 239.12 | 258.72 | 278.28 | 297.79 | 317.25 | ||||
| 864.0 | 34 | 147.94 | 168.88 | 189.77 | 210.61 | 231.40 | 252.14 | 272.83 | 293.47 | 314.06 | 334.61 | ||||
| 914.0 | 36 | 178.75 | 200.87 | 222.94 | 244.96 | 266.94 | 288.86 | 310.73 | 332.56 | 354.34 | |||||
| (920.0) | 179.93 | 202.20 | 224.42 | 246.59 | 286.70 | 290.78 | 312.79 | 334.78 | 356.68 | ||||||
| 965.0 | 38 | 188.81 | 212.19 | 235.52 | 258.80 | 282.03 | 305.21 | 328.34 | 351.43 | 374.46 | |||||
| 1016.0 | 40 | 198.87 | 223.51 | 248.09 | 272.63 | 297.12 | 321.56 | 345.95 | 370.29 | 394.58 | 443.02 | ||||
| (1020.0) | 199.66 | 224.39 | 249.08 | 273.72 | 298.31 | 322.84 | 347.33 | 371.77 | 396.16 | 444.77 | |||||
| 1067.0 | 42 | 208.93 | 234.83 | 260.67 | 286.47 | 312.21 | 337.91 | 363.56 | 389.16 | 414.71 | 465.66 | ||||
| 118.0 | 44 | 218.99 | 246.15 | 273.25 | 300.30 | 327.31 | 354.26 | 381.17 | 408.02 | 343.83 | 488.30 | ||||
| 1168.0 | 46 | 228.86 | 257.24 | 285.58 | 313.87 | 342.10 | 370.29 | 398.43 | 426.52 | 454.56 | 510.49 | ||||
| 1219.0 | 48 | 238.92 | 268.56 | 298.16 | 327.70 | 357.20 | 386.64 | 416.04 | 445.39 | 474.68 | 553.13 | ||||
| (1220.0) | 239.12 | 268.78 | 198.40 | 327.97 | 357.49 | 386.96 | 146.38 | 445.76 | 475.08 | 533.58 | |||||
| 1321.0 | 52 | 291.20 | 323.31 | 327.97 | 387.38 | 449.34 | 451.26 | 483.12 | 514.93 | 578.41 | |||||
| (1420.0) | 347.72 | 355.37 | 416.66 | 451.08 | 485.41 | 519.74 | 553.96 | 622.32 | 690.52 | ||||||
| 1422.0 | 56 | 348.22 | 382.23 | 417.27 | 451.72 | 486.13 | 520.48 | 554.97 | 623.25 | 691.51 | 759.58 | ||||
| 1524.0 | 60 | 373.38 | 410.44 | 447.46 | 484.43 | 521.34 | 558.21 | 595.03 | 688.52 | 741.82 | 814.91 | ||||
| (1620.0) | 397.03 | 436.48 | 457.84 | 515.20 | 554.46 | 593.73 | 623.87 | 711.11 | 789.12 | 867.00 | |||||
| 1626.0 | 64 | 398.53 | 438.11 | 477.64 | 517.13 | 556.56 | 595.95 | 635.28 | 713.80 | 792.13 | 870.26 | ||||
| 1727.0 | 68 | 423.44 | 465.51 | 507.53 | 549.51 | 591.43 | 633.31 | 675.13 | 758.64 | 841.94 | 925.05 | ||||
| (1820.0) | 446.37 | 492.74 | 535.06 | 579.32 | 623.50 | 667.71 | 711.79 | 799.92 | 887.81 | 975.51 | |||||
| 1829.0 | 72 | 493.18 | 626.65 | 671.04 | 714.20 | 803.92 | 890.77 | 980.39 | |||||||
| 1930.0 | 76 | 661.52 | 708.40 | 755.23 | 848.75 | 942.07 | 1035.19 | ||||||||
| (2020.0) | 692.60 | 741.69 | 790.75 | 888.70 | 986.41 | 1084.02 | |||||||||
| 2032.0 | 80 | 696.74 | 746.13 | 795.48 | 894.03 | 992.38 | 1090.53 | ||||||||
| (2220.0) | 761.65 | 815.68 | 869.66 | 977.50 | 1085.80 | 1192.53 | |||||||||
| (2420.0) | 948.58 | 1066.26 | 1183.75 | 1301.04 | |||||||||||
| (2540.0) | 100 | 995.93 | 1119.53 | 1242.94 | 1366.15 | ||||||||||
| (2845.0) | 112 | 1116.28 | 1254.93 | 1393.37 | 1531.63 | ||||||||||
Tuubooyinkayaga tolmada leh ee wareegsan ayaa si gaar ah loogu talagalay in loo isticmaalo sidatuubo xariiq ah, oo bixinaya xal kharash-ool ah oo lagu qaado saliidda, gaaska dabiiciga ah iyo dareerayaasha kale masaafooyin dhaadheer. Dhismaha tolmada wareegsan wuxuu bixiyaa iska caabin aad u fiican oo ku wajahan cadaadiska gudaha ee sare iyo culaysyada dibadda, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon codsiyada tuubooyinka kala duwan. Intaa waxaa dheer, tuubooyinkayaga tolmada wareegsan ee la isku tolay ayaa laga heli karaa dhexroor weyn, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku habboon mashaariicda u baahan daboolid weyn iyo heerarka socodka sare.
Intaa waxaa dheer, tuubooyinkayaga tolmada leh ee wareegsan ayaa sidoo kale ku habboonkhadka tuubada dabkaAdeegsiga. Dhismaha adag iyo alxanka la isku halleyn karo ee tuubooyinkayagu waxay ka dhigayaan kuwo ku habboon in loo isticmaalo nidaamyada ilaalinta dabka, iyagoo hubinaya in si ammaan ah oo hufan loo qaado biyaha ama walxaha kale ee dab-damiska. Iyada oo leh xooggooda gaarka ah iyo iska caabin heerkulka sare, tuubooyinkayaga tolmada leh ee wareegsan waxay bixiyaan qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah kaabayaasha ilaalinta dabka.
Marka laga soo tago waxqabad heer sare ah, khadadka tuubooyinka tolmada ee wareega waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo maskaxda lagu hayo tayada iyo kalsoonida. Waxaan isticmaalnaa agab tayo sare leh iyo farsamooyin wax soo saar oo casri ah si loo hubiyo in tuubo kasta ay buuxiso heerarka tayada adag. Ballanqaadkayaga heer sare wuxuu ka dhigan yahay inaad ku kalsoonaan karto tuubooyinka tolmada wareega si ay u bixiyaan waxqabad heer sare ah xaaladaha ugu adag.
Waxaan fahamsanahay muhiimadda ay leedahay in macaamiisheenna loo fidiyo alaab la isku halleyn karo oo tayo sare leh, waana sababta khadka wax soo saarka tuubooyinka tolmada leh ee wareegsan ay u taageerayaan ballanqaadkeenna ku aaddan qanacsanaanta macaamiisha. Hadday tahay inaad u baahan tahay tuubo xariiq ah oo loogu talagalay wareejinta dareeraha masaafada dheer ama khadadka dabka ee nidaamyada ilaalinta dabka ee muhiimka ah, tuubooyinkayaga tolmada leh ee wareegsan ayaa ah doorashada ugu habboon baahiyahaaga.
Marka la soo koobo, khadka wax soo saarka tuubooyinka tolmada leh ee wareegsan waa xalka ugu dambeeya ee warshadaha raadinaya nidaamyada tuubooyinka la isku halleyn karo oo waara. Awooddeeda aan la barbar dhigi karin, awooddeeda dhexroorka weyn, iyo ku habboonaanta codsiyada khadadka tuubooyinka dabka ayaa ka dhigaya qayb aad u badan oo muhiim u ah mashaariic kala duwan. Waxaan ku faanaynaa inaan bixinno tuubo tolmo leh oo wareegsan oo ah xal la isku halleyn karo oo kharash-ool ah oo loogu talagalay baahiyahaaga tuubooyinka.








