Tuubooyinka Alxanka ee Wareega ah ee loogu talagalay Tuubooyinka Gaaska Dabiiciga ah

Sharaxaad Gaaban:

Tuubada alxanka wareegsan waa badeeco badan oo loo isticmaali karo warshado iyo goobo kala duwan. Iyada oo leh hufnaan qaab-dhismeed oo heer sare ah iyo cimri dherer, waxay noqotay qayb aan lagama maarmaan u ah mashaariicda biyaha, warshadaha batroolka, warshadaha kiimikada, warshadaha korontada, waraabka beeraha, iyo dhismaha magaalooyinka. Hadday tahay wareejinta dareeraha, wareejinta gaaska ama ujeeddooyinka dhismaha, tuubada alxanka wareegsan waa doorasho la isku halleyn karo oo hufan.

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Faahfaahinta Badeecada

Calaamadaha Alaabta

Tuubada alxanka wareegsan, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaantuuboalxanka, waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyad alxan oo horumarsan si loo abuuro badeeco xooggan. Waxay ka kooban tahay isku-xidh wareegsan oo joogto ah oo ay sameeyeen xargo bir ah oo si wareeg ah loo tolo. Qaab-dhismeedkan gaarka ah wuxuu bixiyaa xoog aan la barbar dhigi karin, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon codsiyada adag sidakhadadka gaaska dabiiciga ah.

Mid ka mid ah codsiyada ugu muhiimsan ee tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan waa gaadiidka gaaska dabiiciga ah. Waxaa si gaar ah loogu talagalay loona sameeyay si ay u adkeysato jawiga cadaadiska sare leh ee la xiriira gudbinta gaaska dabiiciga ah. Tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan waxay hubiyaan in gaaska dabiiciga ah si ammaan ah oo hufan loo gaarsiiyo warshadaha iyo macaamiisha, iyagoo hubinaya sahay la isku halleyn karo iyo yareynta wax kasta oo daadanaya ama shilalka iman kara.

Dhexroorka Dibadda ee Magacaaban		Dhumucda Darbiga Magacaaban (mm)
mm	In	6.0	7.0	8.0	9.0	10.0	11.0	12.0	13.0	14.0	15.0	16.0	18.0	20.0	22.0
mm	In	Miisaanka Halkii Halbeeg Dhererka (kg/m)
219.1	8-5/8	31.53	36.61	41.65
273.1	10-3/4	39.52	45.94	52.30
323.9	12-3/4	47.04	54.71	62.32	69.89	77.41
(325)		47.20	54.90	62.54	70.14	77.68
355.6	14	51.73	60.18	68.58	76.93	85.23
(377.0)		54.89	63.87	72.80	81.67	90.50
406.4	16	59.25	68.95	78.60	88.20	97.76	107.26	116.72
(426.0)		62.14	72.33	82.46	92.55	102.59	112.58	122.51
457	18	66.73	77.68	88.58	99.44	110.24	120.99	131.69
(478.0)		69.84	81.30	92.72	104.09	115.41	126.69	137.90
508.0	20	74.28	86.49	98.65	110.75	122.81	134.82	146.79	158.69	170.56
(529.0)		77.38	90.11	102.78	115.40	127.99	140.52	152.99	165.43	177.80
559.0	22	81.82	95.29	108.70	122.07	135.38	148.65	161.88	175.04	188.17
610.0	24	89.37	104.10	118.77	133.39	147.97	162.48	176.97	191.40	205.78
(630.0)		92.33	107.54	122.71	137.83	152.90	167.92	182.89	197.81	212.68
660.0	26	96.77	112.73	128.63	144.48	160.30	176.05	191.77	207.43	223.04
711.0	28	104.32	121.53	138.70	155.81	172.88	189.89	206.86	223.78	240.65	257.47	274.24
(720.0)		105.65	123.09	140.47	157.81	175.10	192.34	209.52	226.66	243.75	260.80	277.79
762.0	30	111.86	130.34	148.76	167.13	185.45	203.73	211.95	240.13	258.26	276.33	294.36
813.0	32	119.41	139.14	158.82	178.45	198.03	217.56	237.05	256.48	275.86	295.20	314.48
(820.0)		120.45	140.35	160.20	180.00	199.76	219.46	239.12	258.72	278.28	297.79	317.25
864.0	34		147.94	168.88	189.77	210.61	231.40	252.14	272.83	293.47	314.06	334.61
914.0	36			178.75	200.87	222.94	244.96	266.94	288.86	310.73	332.56	354.34
(920.0)				179.93	202.20	224.42	246.59	286.70	290.78	312.79	334.78	356.68
965.0	38			188.81	212.19	235.52	258.80	282.03	305.21	328.34	351.43	374.46
1016.0	40			198.87	223.51	248.09	272.63	297.12	321.56	345.95	370.29	394.58	443.02
(1020.0)				199.66	224.39	249.08	273.72	298.31	322.84	347.33	371.77	396.16	444.77
1067.0	42			208.93	234.83	260.67	286.47	312.21	337.91	363.56	389.16	414.71	465.66
118.0	44			218.99	246.15	273.25	300.30	327.31	354.26	381.17	408.02	343.83	488.30
1168.0	46			228.86	257.24	285.58	313.87	342.10	370.29	398.43	426.52	454.56	510.49
1219.0	48			238.92	268.56	298.16	327.70	357.20	386.64	416.04	445.39	474.68	553.13
(1220.0)				239.12	268.78	198.40	327.97	357.49	386.96	146.38	445.76	475.08	533.58
1321.0	52				291.20	323.31	327.97	387.38	449.34	451.26	483.12	514.93	578.41
(1420.0)						347.72	355.37	416.66	451.08	485.41	519.74	553.96	622.32	690.52
1422.0	56					348.22	382.23	417.27	451.72	486.13	520.48	554.97	623.25	691.51	759.58
1524.0	60					373.38	410.44	447.46	484.43	521.34	558.21	595.03	688.52	741.82	814.91
(1620.0)						397.03	436.48	457.84	515.20	554.46	593.73	623.87	711.11	789.12	867.00
1626.0	64					398.53	438.11	477.64	517.13	556.56	595.95	635.28	713.80	792.13	870.26
1727.0	68					423.44	465.51	507.53	549.51	591.43	633.31	675.13	758.64	841.94	925.05
(1820.0)						446.37	492.74	535.06	579.32	623.50	667.71	711.79	799.92	887.81	975.51
1829.0	72						493.18			626.65	671.04	714.20	803.92	890.77	980.39
1930.0	76									661.52	708.40	755.23	848.75	942.07	1035.19
(2020.0)										692.60	741.69	790.75	888.70	986.41	1084.02
2032.0	80									696.74	746.13	795.48	894.03	992.38	1090.53
(2220.0)										761.65	815.68	869.66	977.50	1085.80	1192.53
(2420.0)												948.58	1066.26	1183.75	1301.04
(2540.0)	100											995.93	1119.53	1242.94	1366.15
(2845.0)	112											1116.28	1254.93	1393.37	1531.63

Intaa waxaa dheer,tuubooyinka welded ee muquuninta lehWaxaa sidoo kale si weyn loogu isticmaalaa nidaamyada biyaha iyo biyaha. Dhismaheeda aan daadashada lahayn iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ayaa ka dhigaya doorashada ugu habboon ee biyaha looga soo qaado ilo ilaa meel loo socdo. Sababtoo ah waaradeeda, waxay u adkeysan kartaa xaaladaha adag ee inta badan lagu arko mashaariicda biyaha, iyadoo siinaysa bulshooyinka iyo warshadaha xalal waara oo la isku halleyn karo.

Tuubooyinka Qaab-dhismeedka Qaybta Godan

Warshadaha batroolka, tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan gaadiidka gaaska, uumiga, gaaska batroolka dareeraha ah iyo walxaha kale. Xooggeeda sare iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ayaa ka dhigaya doorasho aad u fiican oo lagu gudbin karo agabkan kacsan. Hadday tahay warshad batroolka weyn ama rakibid yar, tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan waxay hubiyaan gaadiidka badbaadada iyo hufnaanta leh ee kheyraadkan muhiimka ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, qaab-dhismeedka tuubooyinka laalaaban ee wareegsan ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa. Badanaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa tuubooyin loogu talagalay aasaaska mashaariicda dhismaha, taasoo siinaysa taageero iyo xasillooni lagama maarmaan ah. Adkeysiga tuubooyinka ayaa sidoo kale ka dhigaya doorashada koowaad ee buundooyinka, dekedaha, waddooyinka iyo dhismayaasha dhismaha. Awooddooda ay u adkeysan karaan culaysyada culus iyo xoogagga dibadda waxay hubineysaa badbaadada iyo daacadnimada dhismayaashan, taasoo ka dhigaysa qayb aan laga maarmi karin oo ku jirta dhismaha magaalooyinka.

Gunaanadkii, tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee wareegsan (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan alxanka tuubooyinka) waxay bixiyaan xal la isku halleyn karo oo waara oo loogu talagalay warshado iyo waaxyo kala duwan. Adeegsigeeda ballaaran waxaa ka mid ah injineernimada sahayda biyaha, warshadaha batroolka, warshadaha kiimikada, warshadaha korontada, waraabka beeraha, dhismaha magaalooyinka, iwm. Hadday tahay in loo isticmaalo gaadiidka dareeraha ama gaasaska, ama ujeeddooyin dhisme, tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee wareegsan waa doorasho la isku halleyn karo oo hufan. Iyada oo leh xooggeeda gaarka ah, dabacsanaanteeda iyo iska caabbinta daxalka, waxay weli tahay qayb muhiim ah warshadaha casriga ah.

Kii hore: Tuubooyinka Laydhka ee Laydhka ee Wareega ah ee Warshadaha Casriga ah

Xiga: Tuubada Birta ee La Wareegay ee loogu talagalay Tuubooyinka Saliidda iyo Gaaska

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