Dhuumaha birta ah ee Spiral Alxanka leh ee Dhuumaha Saliida iyo Gaaska
Soo bandhig:
Dhinacyada soo koraya ee dhismaha iyo injineernimada, horumarka tignoolajiyadu waxay sii wadaan inay dib u qeexaan sida mashaariicda loo fuliyo.Mid ka mid ah hal-abuurnimada cajiibka ah waa tuubada birta ah ee alxanka leh.Beebku waxa uu leeyahay tolmo dushiisa ah waxana lagu abuuraa iyada oo la leexiyo fiilooyinka birta ee wareegyada ka dibna alxanka, taas oo keenaysa xoog aan caadi ahayn, adkeysi iyo kala duwanaansho habka alxanka tuubada.Soo bandhigida badeecadan waxay ujeedadeedu tahay inay muujiso sifooyinka saliimka ah ee tuubada alxanka leh iyo muujinta doorkeeda wax-ka-beddelka ee warshadaha saliidda iyo gaasta.
Sharaxaada Alaabta:
Tuubooyinka birta ah ee isbiirsaday, naqshadooda, waxay bixiyaan faa'iidooyin dhowr ah oo ka duwan hababka tuubooyinka caadiga ah.Nidaamkeeda wax-soo-saarka gaarka ah waxay hubisaa dhumuc joogto ah oo dhan dhererkeeda oo dhan, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aad u adkaysata cadaadiska gudaha iyo dibadda.Adkeysigani wuxuu ka dhigayaa tuubada alxanka leh ee ku habboon codsiyada gudbinta saliidda iyo gaaska halkaasoo badbaadada iyo isku halaynta ay muhiim u yihiin.
Tiknoolajiyada alxanka wareega ee loo isticmaalo wax soo saarkeeda ayaa bixisa dabacsanaan iyo laqabsi weyn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa dhuumaha inay u adkeystaan xaaladaha daran sida heerkulka sare, kala duwanaanshaha cadaadiska iyo masiibooyinka dabiiciga ah.Intaa waxaa dheer, naqshaddan cusub waxay kor u qaadaysaa daxalka iyo xirashada caabbinta, ka caawinta kordhinta nolosha adeegga iyo dhimista kharashka dayactirka.
Shaxda 2 Qalabka ugu Muhiimsan ee Jirka iyo Kiimikada ee Tuubooyinka Birta (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 iyo API Spec 5L) | ||||||||||||||
Heerka | Heerka Birta | Qaybaha Kiimikada (%) | Hanti Jilicsan | Imtixaanka Saamaynta Charpy (V notch). | ||||||||||
c | Mn | p | s | Si | Mid kale | Xoogga Wax-soosaarka (Mpa) | Xooga Jilicsan (Mpa) | (L0=5.65 √ S0) Daqadda fiditaanka (%) | ||||||
max | max | max | max | max | min | max | min | max | D ≤ 168.33mm | D > 168.3mm | ||||
GB/T3091 -2008 | Q215A | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25 | 1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.35 | Ku darista Nb\V\Ti si waafaqsan GB/T1591-94 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||
Q215B | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25-0.55 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||||
Q235A | ≤ 0.22 | 0.30 0.65 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
Q235B | ≤ 0.20 | 0.30 ≤ 1.80 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
Q295A | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
Q295B | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
Q345A | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
Q345B | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
GB/T9711-2011 (PSL1) | L175 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Ikhtiyaarka ku darida mid ka mid ah walxaha Nb\VTi ama wax kasta oo la isku daro | 175 | 310 | 27 | Hal ama laba ka mid ah tusmada adkaanta ee saamaynta tamarta iyo aagga dhogorta ayaa la dooran karaa.Wixii L555, eeg heerka. | ||||
L210 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 210 | 335 | 25 | |||||||
L245 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 245 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
L290 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
L320 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 320 | 435 | 20 | |||||||
L360 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 360 | 460 | 19 | |||||||
L390 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 390 | 390 | 18 | |||||||
L415 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 415 | 520 | 17 | |||||||
L450 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 450 | 535 | 17 | |||||||
L485 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 485 | 570 | 16 | |||||||
API 5L (PSL 1) | A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Heerka B birta, Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; birta ≥ darajada B, ku darida Nb ama V ama isku darka, iyo Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15% | 172 | 310 | (L0=50.8mm) in lagu xisaabiyo si waafaqsan qaacidada soo socota:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 | Midna ama mid ama labadaba tamarta saameynta iyo aagga xiirashada ayaa looga baahan yahay cabbir adag ahaan. | ||||
A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 207 | 331 | ||||||||
B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 241 | 414 | ||||||||
X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 414 | ||||||||
X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 317 | 434 | ||||||||
X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 359 | 455 | ||||||||
X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 386 | 490 | ||||||||
X60 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 414 | 517 | ||||||||
X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 448 | 531 | ||||||||
X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 483 | 565 |
Intaa waxaa dheer, isku xirka alxanka wareeggu wuxuu hubinayaa waxqabadka wanaagsan ee daadinta.Sidaa darteed, tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee wareegsan ayaa bixiya dhuumo badbaado leh oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka saliidda iyo gaasta, taas oo yaraynaysa khatarta daadinta iyo khataraha deegaanka.Tani, oo ay weheliso waxtarkeeda qulqulka sarreeya iyo waxqabadka ugu fiican ee hydraulic, ayaa ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon shirkadaha tamarta ee raadinaya xalal la isku halleyn karo oo waara.
Kala-duwanaanta ee dhuumaha alxanka leh kuma koobna oo keliya gaadiidka saliidda iyo gaaska.Dhismaheeda xooggan iyo qaab-dhismeedkeeda aadka u wanaagsan ayaa u oggolaanaya in loo isticmaalo codsiyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan sahayda biyaha, nidaamyada qulqulka, iyo xitaa mashaariicda injineernimada madaniga ah.Haddi loo isticmaalo in lagu qaado dareeraha ama loo isticmaalo qaab dhismeed taageero ah, tuubooyinka birta alxanka leh ee wareega ah ayaa aad ugu fiican bixinta xalal la isku halayn karo oo kharash-ku-ool ah.
Soo bandhigida tubooyinka birta ee isku dhafka ah waxay si weyn u wanaajisay hababka alxanka tuubooyinka, fududaynta habka iyo yaraynta wakhtiga guud ee mashruuca.Rakibaadda fudud, oo ay weheliso saamiga xoogga-sare ee miisaanka, waxay u oggolaanaysaa hab dhismeed oo hufan oo hufan.Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay kayd weyn oo ku saabsan kharashka shaqada, shuruudaha qalabka iyo kharashyada maaraynta mashruuca, iyadoo la hubinayo tayada sare iyo cimri dhererka.
Gabagabadii:
Isku soo wada duuboo, dhuumaha alxanka leh ee wareega ayaa isbedel ku sameeyay beerta habka alxanka tuubooyinka, gaar ahaan warshadaha saliida iyo gaaska.Is-dhexgalka aan kala go 'lahayn ee xoogga, adkeysiga, isku-dhafka iyo waxtarka-wax-ku-oolnimada ayaa ka dhigaya mid ku habboon shirkadaha tamarta ee raadinaya xalal la isku halleyn karo.Cadaadiska sareeyo, daxalka iyo iska caabinta daadinta, tuubooyinka birta alxanka leh ee isbiirsaday waxay dhaafaan nidaamyada dhuumaha dhaqameed si ay u bixiyaan shabakad waara oo badbaado leh oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka ilaha muhiimka ah.Maaddaama warshadaha dhismuhu ay sii wadaan inay la qabsadaan horumarka tignoolajiyada, tuubada alxanka leh ee wareeggu waxay marqaati u noqotaa hal-abuurnimada bini'aadamka, taasoo muujinaysa mustaqbalka waxtarka, badbaadada iyo isku halaynta.