Tuubada Birta ee La Wareegay ee loogu talagalay Tuubooyinka Saliidda iyo Gaaska
Soo bandhig:
Meelaha sii kordhaya ee dhismaha iyo injineernimada, horumarka tignoolajiyada ayaa sii wada inuu dib u qeexo sida mashaariicda loo hirgeliyo. Mid ka mid ah hal-abuurka cajiibka ah waa tuubada birta ah ee la isku dhejiyo ee wareegsan. Tuubada waxaa ku yaal tolmo dusha sare waxaana lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la foorariyo xariijimaha birta goobo ka dibna la isku dhejiyo, taasoo keenaysa xoog, adkeysi iyo kala duwanaansho aan caadi ahayn habka alxanka tuubooyinka. Soo bandhigidda badeecadan waxay higsaneysaa inay muujiso sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee tuubooyinka la isku dhejiyo ee wareegsan iyo inay muujiso doorkeeda isbeddelka warshadaha saliidda iyo gaaska.
Sharaxaadda Badeecada:
Tuubooyinka birta ah ee la isku duubay, qaab-dhismeedkooda, waxay bixiyaan dhowr faa'iido oo kala duwan marka loo eego nidaamyada tuubooyinka caadiga ah. Habka wax-soo-saarka ee gaarka ah wuxuu hubiyaa dhumuc isku mid ah dhererkiisa oo dhan, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aad u adkaysi u leh cadaadiska gudaha iyo dibadda. Adkeysigani wuxuu ka dhigayaa tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada gudbinta saliidda iyo gaaska halkaas oo badbaadada iyo isku hallayntu ay yihiin kuwa ugu muhiimsan.
Tiknoolajiyadda alxanka wareega ee loo isticmaalo wax soo saarkeeda waxay bixisaa dabacsanaan iyo la qabsi badan, taasoo u oggolaanaysa dhuumaha inay u adkaystaan xaalado aad u daran sida heerkulka sare, kala duwanaanshaha cadaadiska iyo masiibooyinka dabiiciga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, naqshaddan cusub waxay xoojisaa iska caabbinta daxalka iyo xirashada, taasoo gacan ka geysanaysa kordhinta cimriga adeegga iyo yareynta kharashyada dayactirka.
| Shaxda 2 Astaamaha Fiisikiska iyo Kiimikada ee ugu Muhiimsan ee Tuubooyinka Birta (GB/T3091-2008, GB/T9711-2011 iyo API Spec 5L) | ||||||||||||||
| Heerka Caadiga ah | Heerka Birta | Waxyaabaha Kiimikada ah (%) | Hantida Tijaabada ah | Tijaabada Saamaynta Charpy (V notch) | ||||||||||
| c | Mn | p | s | Si | Kale | Xoog Wax-soo-saar (Mpa) | Xoog Laab Laab (Mpa) | (L0=5.65 √ S0 )Daqiiqo Heerka Fidinta (%) | ||||||
| ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | ugu badan | daq | ugu badan | daq | ugu badan | D ≤ 168.33mm | D > 168.3mm | ||||
| GB/T3091 -2008 | Q215A | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25 < 1.20 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.35 | Ku darista Nb\V\Ti si waafaqsan GB/T1591-94 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||
| Q215B | ≤ 0.15 | 0.25-0.55 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 215 | 335 | 15 | > 31 | |||||
| Q235A | ≤ 0.22 | 0.30 < 0.65 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
| Q235B | ≤ 0.20 | 0.30 ≤ 1.80 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 235 | 375 | 15 | >26 | |||||
| Q295A | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
| Q295B | 0.16 | 0.80-1.50 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 295 | 390 | 13 | >23 | |||||
| Q345A | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
| Q345B | 0.20 | 1.00-1.60 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 345 | 510 | 13 | >21 | |||||
| GB/T9711-2011(PSL1) | L175 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Ikhtiyaar ah ku darista mid ka mid ah curiyayaasha Nb\V\Ti ama isku-darka kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah | 175 | 310 | 27 | Hal ama laba ka mid ah tusmada adkeysiga ee tamarta saameynta iyo aagga jarista ayaa la dooran karaa. Wixii L555 ah, fiiri heerka. | ||||
| L210 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 210 | 335 | 25 | |||||||
| L245 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 245 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
| L290 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 415 | 21 | |||||||
| L320 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 320 | 435 | 20 | |||||||
| L360 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 360 | 460 | 19 | |||||||
| L390 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 390 | 390 | 18 | |||||||
| L415 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 415 | 520 | 17 | |||||||
| L450 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 450 | 535 | 17 | |||||||
| L485 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 485 | 570 | 16 | |||||||
| API 5L (PSL 1) | A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | Birta heerka B, Nb+V ≤ 0.03%; birta heerka B ≥, ku darista ikhtiyaariga ah Nb ama V ama isku-darka, iyo Nb+V+Ti ≤ 0.15% | 172 | 310 | (L0=50.8mm) in lagu xisaabiyo qaacidada soo socota:e=1944·A0 .2/U0 .0 A:Bedka muunadda ee mm2 U: Xoogga ugu yar ee la cayimay ee Mpa | Midna ama mid ama labadaba tamarta saameynta iyo aagga jarista looma baahna shuruud adag. | ||||
| A | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 207 | 331 | ||||||||
| B | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 241 | 414 | ||||||||
| X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 290 | 414 | ||||||||
| X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 317 | 434 | ||||||||
| X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 359 | 455 | ||||||||
| X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 386 | 490 | ||||||||
| X60 | 0.26 | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 414 | 517 | ||||||||
| X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 448 | 531 | ||||||||
| X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 483 | 565 | ||||||||
Intaa waxaa dheer, isku xirka alxanka wareegsan wuxuu hubiyaa waxqabad aad u fiican oo aan daadan karin. Sidaa darteed, tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan waxay bixiyaan tuubooyin ammaan ah oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka saliidda iyo gaaska, taasoo yaraynaysa khatarta daadashada iyo khataraha deegaanka. Tani, oo ay weheliso hufnaanteeda socodka sare iyo waxqabadka haydarooliga ugu fiican, waxay ka dhigaysaa mid ku habboon shirkadaha tamarta ee raadinaya xalal la isku halleyn karo oo waara.
Kala duwanaanta tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan kuma koobna gaadiidka saliidda iyo gaaska. Dhismaheeda xooggan iyo hufnaantiisa qaab-dhismeedka ee aadka u wanaagsan waxay u oggolaanayaan in loo isticmaalo adeegyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan sahayda biyaha, nidaamyada dheecaanka, iyo xitaa mashaariicda injineernimada madaniga ah. Hadday tahay in loo isticmaalo rarista dareerayaasha ama loo isticmaalo qaab-dhismeedyo taageero, tuubooyinka birta ah ee alxanka wareegsan waxay ku fiican yihiin bixinta xalal la isku halleyn karo oo kharash-ool ah.
Soo bandhigidda tuubooyinka birta ah ee la isku dhejiyay ee wareegsan ayaa si weyn u hagaajisay hababka alxanka tuubooyinka, iyadoo fududaynaysa habka iyo yareynta waqtiga guud ee mashruuca. Rakibaadda fudud, oo ay weheliso saamiga xoogga-ilaa-miisaanka oo sarreeya, waxay u oggolaanaysaa geeddi-socod dhisme oo si fudud oo hufan loo dhisay. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay keydin weyn oo ku saabsan kharashyada shaqada, shuruudaha qalabka iyo kharashyada maaraynta mashruuca, iyadoo la hubinayo tayo sare iyo cimri dherer.
Gunaanad ahaan:
Marka la soo koobo, tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee wareegsan ayaa kacaan ku sameeyay habka alxanka tuubooyinka, gaar ahaan warshadaha saliidda iyo gaaska. Is-dhexgalkeeda aan kala go 'lahayn ee xoogga, cimri dhererka, kala duwanaanta iyo kharash-oolnimada ayaa ka dhigaya mid ku habboon shirkadaha tamarta ee raadinaya xalal lagu kalsoonaan karo. Iyada oo leh cadaadis sare, daxal iyo iska caabin daadasho, tuubooyinka birta ah ee laalaada ee wareegsan waxay ka gudbaan nidaamyada dhuumaha dhaqameed si ay u bixiyaan shabakad waara oo ammaan ah oo loogu talagalay gaadiidka kheyraadka muhiimka ah. Iyadoo warshadaha dhismaha ay sii wadaan inay qaataan horumarka tignoolajiyada, tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee wareegsan waxay marag u yihiin hal-abuurka iyo hal-abuurka aadanaha, taasoo ku dhawaaqaysa mustaqbal hufnaan, badbaado iyo isku hallayn.







