Nidaamyada Tuubooyinka Waxtarka Leh - Tuubooyinka Birta ah ee La Wareegay

Sharaxaad Gaaban:

Tuubooyinka birta ah ee laalaada ee wareegsan waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhismaha iyo dayactirkatuubo wasakhaysansIyada oo ay leeyihiin dhismahooda xooggan iyo cimri dherer sare, tuubooyinkani waxay laf-dhabar u yihiin kaabayaasha gaadiidka wasakhda iyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee hufan oo la isku halleyn karo.


Faahfaahinta Badeecada

Calaamadaha Alaabta

Habka wax soo saarka eetuubooyin bir ah oo si mug leh loo qurxiyeyWaxay ku lug leedahay isticmaalka farsamooyin gaar ah si loo sameeyo xariijimo bir ah oo qaab wareegsan leh ka dibna la isku dhejiyo si loo sameeyo tuubo xooggan. Hawshu waxay soo saartaa tuubooyin leh xoog iyo daacadnimo aan caadi ahayn, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo ku habboon buuxinta shuruudaha adag ee tuubooyinka wasakhda.

Dhexroorka Dibadda ee Magacaaban Dhumucda Darbiga Magacaaban (mm)
mm In 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0
Miisaanka Halkii Halbeeg Dhererka (kg/m)
219.1 8-5/8 31.53 36.61 41.65                      
273.1 10-3/4 39.52 45.94 52.30                      
323.9 12-3/4 47.04 54.71 62.32 69.89 77.41                  
(325)   47.20 54.90 62.54 70.14 77.68                  
355.6 14 51.73 60.18 68.58 76.93 85.23                  
(377.0)   54.89 63.87 72.80 81.67 90.50                  
406.4 16 59.25 68.95 78.60 88.20 97.76 107.26 116.72              
(426.0)   62.14 72.33 82.46 92.55 102.59 112.58 122.51              
457 18 66.73 77.68 88.58 99.44 110.24 120.99 131.69              
(478.0)   69.84 81.30 92.72 104.09 115.41 126.69 137.90              
508.0 20 74.28 86.49 98.65 110.75 122.81 134.82 146.79 158.69 170.56          
(529.0)   77.38 90.11 102.78 115.40 127.99 140.52 152.99 165.43 177.80          
559.0 22 81.82 95.29 108.70 122.07 135.38 148.65 161.88 175.04 188.17          
610.0 24 89.37 104.10 118.77 133.39 147.97 162.48 176.97 191.40 205.78          
(630.0)   92.33 107.54 122.71 137.83 152.90 167.92 182.89 197.81 212.68          
660.0 26 96.77 112.73 128.63 144.48 160.30 176.05 191.77 207.43 223.04          
711.0 28 104.32 121.53 138.70 155.81 172.88 189.89 206.86 223.78 240.65 257.47 274.24      
(720.0)   105.65 123.09 140.47 157.81 175.10 192.34 209.52 226.66 243.75 260.80 277.79      
762.0 30 111.86 130.34 148.76 167.13 185.45 203.73 211.95 240.13 258.26 276.33 294.36      
813.0 32 119.41 139.14 158.82 178.45 198.03 217.56 237.05 256.48 275.86 295.20 314.48      
(820.0)   120.45 140.35 160.20 180.00 199.76 219.46 239.12 258.72 278.28 297.79 317.25      
864.0 34   147.94 168.88 189.77 210.61 231.40 252.14 272.83 293.47 314.06 334.61      
914.0 36     178.75 200.87 222.94 244.96 266.94 288.86 310.73 332.56 354.34      
(920.0)       179.93 202.20 224.42 246.59 286.70 290.78 312.79 334.78 356.68      
965.0 38     188.81 212.19 235.52 258.80 282.03 305.21 328.34 351.43 374.46      
1016.0 40     198.87 223.51 248.09 272.63 297.12 321.56 345.95 370.29 394.58 443.02    
(1020.0)       199.66 224.39 249.08 273.72 298.31 322.84 347.33 371.77 396.16 444.77    
1067.0 42     208.93 234.83 260.67 286.47 312.21 337.91 363.56 389.16 414.71 465.66    
118.0 44     218.99 246.15 273.25 300.30 327.31 354.26 381.17 408.02 343.83 488.30    
1168.0 46     228.86 257.24 285.58 313.87 342.10 370.29 398.43 426.52 454.56 510.49    
1219.0 48     238.92 268.56 298.16 327.70 357.20 386.64 416.04 445.39 474.68 553.13    
(1220.0)       239.12 268.78 198.40 327.97 357.49 386.96 146.38 445.76 475.08 533.58    
1321.0 52       291.20 323.31 327.97 387.38 449.34 451.26 483.12 514.93 578.41    
(1420.0)           347.72 355.37 416.66 451.08 485.41 519.74 553.96 622.32 690.52  
1422.0 56         348.22 382.23 417.27 451.72 486.13 520.48 554.97 623.25 691.51 759.58
1524.0 60         373.38 410.44 447.46 484.43 521.34 558.21 595.03 688.52 741.82 814.91
(1620.0)           397.03 436.48 457.84 515.20 554.46 593.73 623.87 711.11 789.12 867.00
1626.0 64         398.53 438.11 477.64 517.13 556.56 595.95 635.28 713.80 792.13 870.26
1727.0 68         423.44 465.51 507.53 549.51 591.43 633.31 675.13 758.64 841.94 925.05
(1820.0)           446.37 492.74 535.06 579.32 623.50 667.71 711.79 799.92 887.81 975.51
1829.0 72           493.18     626.65 671.04 714.20 803.92 890.77 980.39
1930.0 76                 661.52 708.40 755.23 848.75 942.07 1035.19
(2020.0)                   692.60 741.69 790.75 888.70 986.41 1084.02
2032.0 80                 696.74 746.13 795.48 894.03 992.38 1090.53
(2220.0)                   761.65 815.68 869.66 977.50 1085.80 1192.53
(2420.0)                       948.58 1066.26 1183.75 1301.04
(2540.0) 100                     995.93 1119.53 1242.94 1366.15
(2845.0) 112                     1116.28 1254.93 1393.37 1531.63

Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee tuubooyinka birta ah ee laalaaban karo waa awooddooda ay u adkeysan karaan heerarka sare ee cadaadiska gudaha iyo dibadda. Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa kuwo ku habboon gudbinta wasakhda iyo biyaha wasakhda ah, maadaama tuubooyinku ay la kulmaan cadaadis iyo socod joogto ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, dusha sare ee siman ee gudaha ee tuubooyinkan waxay hubineysaa wareejinta dareeraha si hufan, iyadoo yareyneysa khatarta xannibaadaha iyo xannibaadaha gudaha.nidaamka khadadka tuubooyinka.

Intaa waxaa dheer, tuubooyinka birta ah ee laalaaban ee wareegsan waxay leeyihiin iska caabin aad u fiican oo ku wajahan daxalka iyo arrimo kale oo deegaanka ah. Tani waxay si gaar ah muhiim ugu tahay codsiyada wasakhda halkaas oo tuubooyinka ay la kulmaan walxo daxal leh iyo walxo gardarro ah. Adkeysiga tuubooyinkan wuxuu hubiyaa cimri dheer oo adeeg ah, taasoo yaraynaysa baahida loo qabo beddelka iyo dayactirka joogtada ah, taasoo ugu dambeyntii keenta keydin kharash ah oo loogu talagalay hawl wadeennada nidaamka wasakhda.

tuubo welded oo muquuninta ah
tuubo la alxan

Marka laga soo tago cimri dherer iyo iska caabin, tuubooyinka birta ah ee la isku dhejiyo ee wareegsan waa kuwo aad u kala duwan waxaana loo habeyn karaa si ay u daboolaan shuruudaha mashruuca gaarka ah. Waxay ku diyaar yihiin cabbirro iyo dhumuc kala duwan, taasoo u oggolaanaysa naqshadeynta iyo rakibidda dabacsanaan. Hadday tahay mashruuc dayactir yar ama ballaarinta nidaamka bulaacadaha oo weyn, tuubooyinkan waxaa loo habeyn karaa si loo daboolo baahiyaha gaarka ah ee codsiga.

Rakibidda hufan ee tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee wareegsan ayaa sidoo kale gacan ka geysaneysa hagaajinta waxtarka guud ee nidaamka tuubooyinka bulaacadaha. Iyada oo leh naqshad fudud iyo maarayn fudud, tuubooyinkan si dhakhso leh oo ammaan ah ayaa loo rakibi karaa, taasoo yaraynaysa kharashka waqtiga dhismaha iyo shaqada. Tani waxay si gaar ah faa'iido ugu leedahay deegaannada magaalooyinka halkaas oo xaddidaadaha booska iyo waqtiga ay muhiim yihiin.

Intaa waxaa dheer, alxanka siman ee siman ee tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan ayaa hubiya waxqabad aan daadanayn, ka hortagga lumitaanka wasakhda qiimaha leh iyo biyaha wasakhda ah, iyo yaraynta khatarta wasakhaynta deegaanka. Kalsoonidani waxay muhiim u tahay ilaalinta hufnaanta nidaamka bulaacadaha iyo hubinta gaadiidka dareeraha ee badbaadada leh oo hufan.

Iyadoo horumarka tignoolajiyada iyo agabku ay sii wadaan inay kiciyaan hal-abuurka warshadaha dhismaha, tuubooyinka birta ah ee laalaaban ee wareegsan ayaa weli ah qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah horumarinta iyo dayactirka nidaamyada tuubooyinka wasakhda. Waxqabadkooda la xaqiijiyay, cimri dhererkooda iyo kala-duwanaanshahooda ayaa ka dhigaya doorasho aan laga maarmi karin injineerada iyo naqshadeeyayaasha mas'uulka ka ah abuurista kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ee waara oo adkaysi leh.

Marka la soo koobo, isticmaalka tuubooyinka birta ah ee la isku dhejiyo ee wareegsan waxay gacan ka geystaan ​​​​abuurista nidaam tuubooyin wasakhaysan oo adag oo hufan. Xooggooda gaarka ah, cimri dhererkooda iyo iska caabbintooda daxalka, oo ay weheliso kala duwanaansho iyo fududaynta rakibidda, ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon gudbinta wasakhda iyo biyaha wasakhda ah. Maadaama baahida loo qabo kaabayaasha biyaha wasakhda ah ee la isku halleyn karo oo waara ay sii kordheyso, tuubooyinka birta ah ee la isku dhejiyo ee wareegsan waxay sii wadi doonaan inay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan daboolida baahiyahan muhiimka ah.

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