Nidaamyada Tuubbooyinka Waxtarka leh - Tuubooyinka Birta alxanka leh ee Wareega

Nidaamyada Tuubbooyinka Waxtarka leh - Tuubooyinka Birta Laxanka ah ee Spiral Alxamed ee Sawirka leh

Sharaxaad Gaaban:

Tuubooyinka birta ah ee caaga ah ayaa ah qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhismaha iyo dayactirkatuubada bulaacadas.Dhismahooda xooggan iyo adkeysigooda sare, tuubooyinkani waxay ka dhigtaan laf dhabarta bullaacadaha wax ku oolka ah ee la isku halayn karo iyo kaabayaasha gaadiidka biyaha wasakhda ah.

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Faahfaahinta Alaabta

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Habka wax soo saarka eetuubooyin bir ah oo wareegsanWaxay ku lug leedahay adeegsiga farsamooyin gaar ah si loo sameeyo xariijimo bir ah oo loo sameeyo qaab wareeg ah ka dibna la isku dhejiyo si ay u sameeyaan tuubo adag.Nidaamku wuxuu soo saaraa tuubooyinka leh xoog gaar ah iyo daacadnimo, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay ku habboon yihiin buuxinta shuruudaha adag ee tuubooyinka bulaacada.

Dhexroorka Magaca ah		Dhumucda gidaarka magaca ah (mm)
mm	In	6.0	7.0	8.0	9.0	10.0	11.0	12.0	13.0	14.0	15.0	16.0	18.0	20.0	22.0
mm	In	Miisaanka Dhererka Halkiiba (kg/m)
219.1	8-5/8	31.53	36.61	41.65
273.1	10-3/4	39.52	45.94	52.30
323.9	12-3/4	47.04	54.71	62.32	69.89	77.41
(325)		47.20	54.90	62.54	70.14	77.68
355.6	14	51.73	60.18	68.58	76.93	85.23
(377.0)		54.89	63.87	72.80	81.67	90.50
406.4	16	59.25	68.95	78.60	88.20	97.76	107.26	116.72
(426.0)		62.14	72.33	82.46	92.55	102.59	112.58	122.51
457	18	66.73	77.68	88.58	99.44	110.24	120.99	131.69
(478.0)		69.84	81.30	92.72	104.09	115.41	126.69	137.90
508.0	20	74.28	86.49	98.65	110.75	122.81	134.82	146.79	158.69	170.56
(529.0)		77.38	90.11	102.78	115.40	127.99	140.52	152.99	165.43	177.80
559.0	22	81.82	95.29	108.70	122.07	135.38	148.65	161.88	175.04	188.17
610.0	24	89.37	104.10	118.77	133.39	147.97	162.48	176.97	191.40	205.78
(630.0)		92.33	107.54	122.71	137.83	152.90	167.92	182.89	197.81	212.68
660.0	26	96.77	112.73	128.63	144.48	160.30	176.05	191.77	207.43	223.04
711.0	28	104.32	121.53	138.70	155.81	172.88	189.89	206.86	223.78	240.65	257.47	274.24
(720.0)		105.65	123.09	140.47	157.81	175.10	192.34	209.52	226.66	243.75	260.80	277.79
762.0	30	111.86	130.34	148.76	167.13	185.45	203.73	211.95	240.13	258.26	276.33	294.36
813.0	32	119.41	139.14	158.82	178.45	198.03	217.56	237.05	256.48	275.86	295.20	314.48
(820.0)		120.45	140.35	160.20	180.00	199.76	219.46	239.12	258.72	278.28	297.79	317.25
864.0	34		147.94	168.88	189.77	210.61	231.40	252.14	272.83	293.47	314.06	334.61
914.0	36			178.75	200.87	222.94	244.96	266.94	288.86	310.73	332.56	354.34
(920.0)				179.93	202.20	224.42	246.59	286.70	290.78	312.79	334.78	356.68
965.0	38			188.81	212.19	235.52	258.80	282.03	305.21	328.34	351.43	374.46
1016.0	40			198.87	223.51	248.09	272.63	297.12	321.56	345.95	370.29	394.58	443.02
(1020.0)				199.66	224.39	249.08	273.72	298.31	322.84	347.33	371.77	396.16	444.77
1067.0	42			208.93	234.83	260.67	286.47	312.21	337.91	363.56	389.16	414.71	465.66
118.0	44			218.99	246.15	273.25	300.30	327.31	354.26	381.17	408.02	343.83	488.30
1168.0	46			228.86	257.24	285.58	313.87	342.10	370.29	398.43	426.52	454.56	510.49
1219.0	48			238.92	268.56	298.16	327.70	357.20	386.64	416.04	445.39	474.68	553.13
(1220.0)				239.12	268.78	198.40	327.97	357.49	386.96	146.38	445.76	475.08	533.58
1321.0	52				291.20	323.31	327.97	387.38	449.34	451.26	483.12	514.93	578.41
(1420.0)						347.72	355.37	416.66	451.08	485.41	519.74	553.96	622.32	690.52
1422.0	56					348.22	382.23	417.27	451.72	486.13	520.48	554.97	623.25	691.51	759.58
1524.0	60					373.38	410.44	447.46	484.43	521.34	558.21	595.03	688.52	741.82	814.91
(1620.0)						397.03	436.48	457.84	515.20	554.46	593.73	623.87	711.11	789.12	867.00
1626.0	64					398.53	438.11	477.64	517.13	556.56	595.95	635.28	713.80	792.13	870.26
1727.0	68					423.44	465.51	507.53	549.51	591.43	633.31	675.13	758.64	841.94	925.05
(1820.0)						446.37	492.74	535.06	579.32	623.50	667.71	711.79	799.92	887.81	975.51
1829.0	72						493.18			626.65	671.04	714.20	803.92	890.77	980.39
1930.0	76									661.52	708.40	755.23	848.75	942.07	1035.19
(2020.0)										692.60	741.69	790.75	888.70	986.41	1084.02
2032.0	80									696.74	746.13	795.48	894.03	992.38	1090.53
(2220.0)										761.65	815.68	869.66	977.50	1085.80	1192.53
(2420.0)												948.58	1066.26	1183.75	1301.04
(2540.0)	100											995.93	1119.53	1242.94	1366.15
(2845.0)	112											1116.28	1254.93	1393.37	1531.63

Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee tuubada birta ah ee xayndaabka ah waa awoodda ay u leedahay inay u adkaysato heerarka sare ee cadaadiska gudaha iyo dibadda.Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa inay ku habboon yihiin gudbinta bulaacada iyo biyaha wasakhda ah, maadaama tuubooyinka ay ku jiraan cadaadis joogto ah iyo socodka.Intaa waxaa dheer, oogada gudaha ee siman ee tuubooyinkani waxay hubisaa wareejinta dareeraha ah si hufan, iyadoo yaraynaysa khatarta xannibaadda iyo xannibaadda gudahanidaamka dhuumaha.

Intaa waxaa dheer, tuubooyinka birta ah ee xayndaabka leh waxay leeyihiin iska caabin aad u wanaagsan oo u leh daxalka iyo arrimaha kale ee deegaanka.Tani waxay si gaar ah muhiim ugu tahay codsiyada bullaacadaha halkaasoo tubooyinka ay la kulmaan walxaha daxalka ah iyo walxaha gardarrada ah.Adkaynta tuubooyinkani waxay hubisaa nolol dheer oo adeeg ah, yaraynaysaa baahida loo qabo beddelka iyo dayactirka joogtada ah, ugu dambeyntiina waxay keenaysaa kaydinta kharashka hawlwadeennada nidaamka bullaacadaha.

Waxa u dheer adkeysiga iyo caabbinta, tuubooyinka birta alxanka leh ee wareega ah ayaa ah mid aad u wanagsan waxaana loo habeyn karaa si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha mashruuca ee gaarka ah.Waxay ku jiraan cabbirro iyo dhumucyo kala duwan, oo u oggolaanaya naqshadeynta iyo rakibidda dabacsanaanta.Haddi ay tahay mashruuc yar oo baxnaanin ah ama balaadhinta habka bulaacada, tuubooyinkan waa la habayn karaa si ay u daboolaan baahiyaha gaarka ah ee codsiga.

Ku rakibida hufan ee tuubada alxanka leh ee wareegsan waxay sidoo kale kaa caawinaysaa hagaajinta waxtarka guud ee nidaamka tuubooyinka bulaacada.Nakhshaddooda fudud iyo maarayn fudud, tuubooyinkan waxaa lagu rakibi karaa si degdeg ah oo ammaan ah, yaraynta wakhtiga dhismaha iyo kharashka shaqada.Tani waxay si gaar ah faa'iido u leedahay deegaanka magaalooyinka halkaas oo boos iyo waqti xaddidan ay muhiim u yihiin.

Intaa waxaa dheer, alxanka siman ee isku midka ah ee tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee wareegsan waxay xaqiijiyaan waxqabadka bilaa daadsan, ka hortagga luminta wasakhda qiimaha leh iyo biyaha wasakhda ah, iyo yaraynta khatarta wasakhowga deegaanka.Kalsoonidaani waxay muhiim u tahay ilaalinta sharafta nidaamka bulaacadaha iyo hubinta badbaadada iyo gaadiidka dareeraha ah.

Sida horumarka tignoolajiyada iyo agabku ay u wadaan hal-abuurnimada warshadaha dhismaha, tuubooyinka birta alxanka leh ee wareega ah ayaa weli ah qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah horumarinta iyo dayactirka nidaamyada tuubooyinka bullaacadaha.Waxqabadkooda la xaqiijiyay, adkeysigooda iyo isku xirnaantooda ayaa ka dhigaysa doorasho lama huraan u ah injineerada iyo naqshadeeyayaasha mas'uulka ka ah abuurista kaabayaal waara oo adkeysi leh.

Marka la soo koobo, isticmaalka tuubooyinka birta ee isbiirsaday waxay gacan ka geysataa abuurista nidaam tuubooyin bullaacad ah oo waxtar leh.Xooggooda gaarka ah, adkeysigooda iyo iska caabbinta daxalka, oo ay weheliso wax-qabadkooda iyo fududaynta rakibaadda, ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon gudbinta bulaacada iyo biyaha wasakhda ah.Maaddaama baahida loo qabo kaabayaasha biyaha wasakhda ah ee la isku halayn karo oo waara ay sii kordheyso, dhuumaha birta alxanka leh ee wareega ah ayaa sii wadi doona inay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan buuxinta baahiyahan muhiimka ah.