Fahmitaanka muhiimadda ay leedahay qaabdhismeedka ku habboon ee loo yaqaan 'Pipe'
Tuubbada birta ee wareegaWaxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dhuumaha biyaha dhulka dartiis awgeed awooddooda iyo awooda ay ku adkeystaan cadaadis dibadeed. Tuubooyinka waxaa lagu soo saaray xarig bir ah oo kulul oo la duubay oo sameysma qaab wareega. Hawsha alxanka ee wareega loo adeegsaday soosaarida tuubooyinkani waxay bixiyaan sharaf dhacyadan oo aad u wanaagsan, taasoo ka dhigeysa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada dhulka hoostiisa.
| Dhexroor ka baxsan | Dhumucda darbiga (mm) | ||||||||||||||
| mm gudaha | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 | |
| Miisaankii dhererkiiba (kg / m) | |||||||||||||||
| 219.1 | 8-5 / 8 | 31.53 | 36.61 | 41.65 | |||||||||||
| 273.1 | 10-3 / 4 | 39.52 | 45.94 | 52.30 | |||||||||||
| 323.9 | 12-3 / 4 | 47.04 | 54.71 | 62.32 | 69.89 | 77.41 | |||||||||
| (325) | 47.20 | 54.90 | 62.54 | 70.14 | 77.68 | ||||||||||
| 355.6 | 14 | 51.73 | 60.18 | 68.58 | 76.93 | 85.23 | |||||||||
| (377.0) | 54.89 | 63.87 | 72.80 | 81.67 | 90.50 | ||||||||||
| 406.4 | 16 | 59.25 | 68.95 | 78.60 | 88.20 | 97.76 | 107.26 | 116.72 | |||||||
| (426.0) | 62.14 | 72.33 | 82.46 | 92.55 | 102.59 | 112.58 | 122.51 | ||||||||
| 457 | 18 | 66.73 | 77.68 | 88.58 | 99.44 | 110.24 | 120.99 | 131.69 | |||||||
| (478.0) | 69.84 | 81.30 | 92.72 | 104.09 | 115.41 | 126.69 | 137.90 | ||||||||
| 508.0 | 20 | 74.28 | 86.49 | 98.65 | 110.75 | 122.81 | 134.82 | 146.79 | 158.69 | 170.56 | |||||
| (529.0) | 77.38 | 90.11 | 102.78 | 115.40 | 127.99 | 140.52 | 152.99 | 165.43 | 177.80 | ||||||
| 559.0 | 22 | 81.82 | 95.29 | 108.70 | 122.07 | 135.38 | 148.65 | 161.88 | 175.04 | 188.17 | |||||
| 610.0 | 24 | 89.37 | 104.10 | 118.77 | 133.39 | 147.97 | 162.48 | 176.97 | 191.40 | 205.78 | |||||
| (630.0) | 92.33 | 107.54 | 122.71 | 137.83 | 152.90 | 167.92 | 182.89 | 197.81 | 212.68 | ||||||
| 660.0 | 26 | 96.77 | 112.73 | 128.63 | 144.48 | 160.30 | 176.05 | 191.77 | 207.43 | 223.04 | |||||
| 711.0 | 28 | 104.32 | 121.53 | 138.70 | 155.81 | 172.88 | 189.89 | 206.86 | 223.78 | 240.65 | 257.47 | 274.24 | |||
| (720.0) | 105.65 | 123.09 | 140.47 | 157.81 | 175.10 | 192.34 | 209.52 | 226.66 | 243.75 | 260.80 | 277.79 | ||||
| 762.0 | 30 | 111.86 | 130.34 | 148.76 | 167.13 | 185.45 | 203.73 | 211.95 | 240.13 | 258.26 | 276.33 | 294.36 | |||
| 813.0 | 32 | 119.41 | 139.14 | 158.82 | 178.45 | 198.03 | 217.56 | 237.05 | 256.48 | 275.86 | 295.20 | 314.48 | |||
| (820.0) | 120.45 | 140.35 | 160.20 | 180.00 | 199.76 | 219.46 | 239.12 | 258.72 | 278.28 | 297.79 | 317.25 | ||||
| 864.0 | 34 | 147.94 | 168.88 | 189.77 | 210.61 | 231.40 | 252.14 | 272.83 | 293.47 | 314.06 | 334.61 | ||||
| 914.0 | 36 | 178.75 | 200.87 | 222.94 | 244.96 | 266.94 | 288.86 | 310.73 | 332.56 | 354.34 | |||||
| (920.0) | 179.93 | 202.20 | 224.42 | 246.59 | 286.70 | 290.78 | 312.79 | 334.78 | 356.68 | ||||||
| 965.0 | 38 | 188.81 | 212.19 | 235.52 | 258.80 | 282.03 | 305.21 | 328.34 | 351.43 | 374.46 | |||||
| 1016.0 | 40 | 198.87 | 223.51 | 248.09 | 272.63 | 297.12 | 321.56 | 345.95 | 370.29 | 394.58 | 443.02 | ||||
| (1020.0) | 199.66 | 224.39 | 249.08 | 273.72 | 298.31 | 322.84 | 347.33 | 371.77 | 396.16 | 444.77 | |||||
| 1067.0 | 42 | 208.93 | 234.83 | 260.67 | 286.47 | 312.21 | 337.91 | 363.56 | 389.16 | 414.71 | 465.66 | ||||
| 118.0 | 44 | 218.99 | 246.15 | 273.25 | 300.30 | 327.31 | 354.26 | 381.17 | 408.02 | 343.83 | 488.30 | ||||
| 1168.0 | 46 | 228.86 | 257.24 | 285.58 | 313.87 | 342.10 | 370.29 | 398.43 | 426.52 | 454.56 | 510.49 | ||||
| 1219.0 | 48 | 238.92 | 268.56 | 298.16 | 327.70 | 357.20 | 386.64 | 416.04 | 445.39 | 474.68 | 553.13 | ||||
| (1220.0) | 239.12 | 268.78 | 198.40 | 327.97 | 357.49 | 386.96 | 146.38 | 445.76 | 475.08 | 533.58 | |||||
| 1321.0 | 52 | 291.20 | 323.31 | 327.97 | 387.38 | 449.34 | 451.26 | 483.12 | 514.93 | 578.41 | |||||
| (1420.0) | 347.72 | 355.37 | 416.66 | 451.08 | 485.41 | 519.74 | 553.96 | 622.32 | 690.52 | ||||||
| 1422.0 | 56 | 348.22 | 382.23 | 417.27 | 451.72 | 486.13 | 520.48 | 554.97 | 623.25 | 691.51 | 759.58 | ||||
| 1524.0 | 60 | 373.38 | 410.44 | 447.46 | 484.43 | 521.34 | 558.21 | 595.03 | 688.52 | 741.82 | 814.91 | ||||
| (1620.0) | 397.03 | 436.48 | 457.84 | 515.20 | 554.46 | 593.73 | 623.87 | 711.11 | 789.12 | 867.00 | |||||
| 1626.0 | 64 | 398.53 | 438.11 | 477.64 | 517.13 | 556.56 | 595.95 | 635.28 | 713.80 | 792.13 | 870.26 | ||||
| 1727.0 | 68 | 423.44 | 465.51 | 507.53 | 549.51 | 591.43 | 633.31 | 675.13 | 758.64 | 841.94 | 925.05 | ||||
| (1820.0) | 446.37 | 492.74 | 535.06 | 579.32 | 623.50 | 667.71 | 711.79 | 799.92 | 887.81 | 975.51 | |||||
| 1829.0 | 72 | 493.18 | 626.65 | 671.04 | 714.20 | 803.92 | 890.77 | 980.39 | |||||||
| 1930.0 | 76 | 661.52 | 708.40 | 755.23 | 848.75 | 942.07 | 1035.19 | ||||||||
| (2020.0) | 692.60 | 741.69 | 790.75 | 888.70 | 986.41 | 1084.02 | |||||||||
| 2032.0 | 80 | 696.74 | 746.13 | 795.48 | 894.03 | 992.38 | 1090.53 | ||||||||
| (2220.0) | 761.65 | 815.68 | 869.66 | 977.50 | 1085.80 | 1192.53 | |||||||||
| (2420.0) | 948.58 | 1066.26 | 1183.75 | 1301.04 | |||||||||||
| (2540.0) | 100 | 995.93 | 1119.53 | 1242.94 | 1366.15 | ||||||||||
| (284.0) | 112 | 1116.28 | 1254.93 | 1393.37 | 1531.63 | ||||||||||
Xusuusin:
1.Also waxaa laga heli karaa tuubooyinka birta ah ee dhexroor dibadda ah iyo dhumuc weyn oo gidaarka ah ee cabbirkooda ku xeeran miiska ku xusan, laakiin qandaraas qandaraas leh ayaa la saxeexay.
2. Dhex-dhexaadka bannaanka ee dib-u-dhaca ee miisaska miiska lagu soo rogay waa dhex-dhexaadka.
Mid ka mid ah dhinacyada ugu muhiimsan ee isticmaalka birta wareegatuubada loogu talagalay khadadka biyaha dhulka hoostiisawaa hab-socod culus oo sax ah. Alxamida waa geedi socodka ku soo biirista laba qaybood oo bir ah iyadoo la adeegsanaayo kuleylka iyo cadaadiska. Loogu talagalay dhuumaha biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ah, tayada alxanka ayaa si toos ah u saamaysa sharafta guud iyo isku halaynta dhuumaha.
Munaasib ahHabraacyada alxankaLoogu talagalay tuubbada birta ee wareega ah waxay ku lug leeyihiin dhowr talaabo oo muhiim ah. Marka hore, dusha sare ee tuubbada si ay u dhejiso waa inay ahaadaan nadiif oo madax banaan oo ka mid ah wasakhooyinka sida wasakhda, saliida, ama rinjiga. Tani waxay xaqiijineysaa in Weld uu yahay mid xoog badan oo ka madax banaan cilado u tanaasuli karto xooggiisa.
Marka xigta, xudunta alxamida sida kuleylka kuleylka, xawaaraha alxanka, iyo farsamada waa in si taxaddar leh loo xakameeyaa si loo gaaro daboolida tayada sare leh. Isticmaalka qalabka alxanka ee habboon iyo farsamooyinka ayaa muhiim u ah ka hortagga cilladaha sida porosity, dildilaaca, ama isku-dhafka, ama wax u dhimaya tayaarka loo yaqaan 'weld'.
Intaa waxaa sii dheer, hanaanno ku habboon oo kululaynta kuleylka ah iyo hanaanka kuliyada boostada ka dib ayaa muhiim u ah tuubbada birta ee wareega ee loo isticmaalo khadadka biyaha dhulka. Kareynta ayaa ka caawisa yareynta halista dilaacsiga iyo hagaajinta guud ahaan tayada weld, halka daaweynta kuleylka boostada ee boostada ay yareynayso walaaca hadhaaga ah oo ay hubiso micro boos-ka yutifoomka oo dhan oo dhan.
Intaas waxaa sii dheer, adeegsiga teknolojiyada waaweyn ee alxanka ah sida haadka al-wadooyinka otomaatiga ah iyo tijaabada aan burburin ayaa sii wanaajin kara tayada iyo isku halaynta alxanka. Teknolojiyadan ayaa gacan ka geysaneysa hubinta in kala goysyada qunsulan ay la kulmaan xoogga lagama maarmaanka u ah xoogga iyo heerarka tayada si ay u siiso nabadgelyada maskaxda ee ku saabsan waxqabadka muddada-dheer ee khadadka dhulka-dheer.
Marka la soo koobo, habraaca luqadaha saxda ah ayaa muhiim u ah hubinta sharafta iyo cimri dhererka bipe bir bir ah oo lagu isticmaalo khadadka biyaha dhulka. Adigoo raacaya xuduudaha al-wararka ee lagama maarmaanka ah, farsamooyinka iyo tallaabooyinka xakamaynta tayada leh, khatarta ka dhigga cilladaha alxanka iyo guul darrooyinka ayaa si weyn hoos loogu dhigi karaa. Natiijadu waa khadka biyaha lagu kalsoonaan karo oo waara oo ka hor istaagi kara imtixaanka waqtiga oo bixin kara adeegyo biyo-bixiye oo aamin ah oo hufan. Khadadka biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ah, maalgashiga goob alxanka oo munaasib ah waa tallaabo muhiim ah oo lagu hubinayo isku halaynta guud iyo cimri dheelka dhuumaha.
