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    Tuubada Alxanka ee Wareega ah GBT9711-2011 ee Khadka Biyaha ee Dhulka Hoostiisa

    Tuubada Alxanka Wareega ah GBT9711-2011 ee Khadka Biyaha ee Dhulka Hoostiisa Ku Jira Sawirka La Soo Bandhigay
    • Tuubada Alxanka ee Wareega ah GBT9711-2011 ee Khadka Biyaha ee Dhulka Hoostiisa

    Sharaxaad Gaaban:

    Qaybta ballaaran ee injineernimada warshadaha, qayb muhiim ah oo hubisa xoogga iyo isku halaynta badanaa waa la iska indha tiraa - tuubooyinka laalaada ee wareegsan. Iyadoo ay yar tahay muuqaalkeeda, yaabkan injineernimada wuxuu muujiyaa kala duwanaansho cajiib ah, isagoo la qabsanaya codsiyo badan oo warshado kala duwan ah. Maanta, waxaan si qoto dheer u eegaynaa faahfaahinta adag ee tuubooyinka laalaada ee wareegsan, annagoo sahaminayna qaab-dhismeedkeeda, faa'iidooyinkeeda iyo doorka aasaasiga ah ee taageerada kaabayaasha casriga ah.


    Faahfaahinta Badeecada

    Calaamadaha Alaabta

    Saxnaanta tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee wareegsan:

    Tuubooyinka laalaada ee wareegsan waa farsamo cajiib ah oo injineernimo ah oo lagu garto isku-darka xoogga, cimri dhererka iyo kharash-oolnimada. Tuubooyinkan waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyad casri ah waxayna maraan hab wax soo saar oo taxaddar leh. Laga bilaabo birta la duubay, xariijimaha waa la furfuraa oo waxaa la mariyaa taxane duubab ah oo si tartiib tartiib ah u foorarsada si ay u sameeyaan wareeg. Cidhifyada ayaa markaa la isku dhejiyaa, taasoo hubinaysa in tolmadu ay joogto tahay oo aad isugu dhafan tahay.

    Dhexroorka Dibadda ee la cayimay (D) Dhumucda Darbiga ee la cayimay ee mm Cadaadiska ugu yar ee tijaabada (Mpa)
    Heerka Birta
    in mm L210(A) L245(B) L290(X42) L320(X46) L360(X52) L390(X56) L415(X60) L450(X65) L485(X70) L555(X80)
    8-5/8 219.1 5.0 5.8 6.7 9.9 11.0 12.3 13.4 14.2 15.4 16.6 19.0
    7.0 8.1 9.4 13.9 15.3 17.3 18.7 19.9 20.7 20.7 20.7
    10.0 11.5 13.4 19.9 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    9-5/8 244.5 5.0 5.2 6.0 10.1 11.1 12.5 13.6 14.4 15.6 16.9 19.3
    7.0 7.2 8.4 14.1 15.6 17.5 19.0 20.2 20.7 20.7 20.7
    10.0 10.3 12.0 20.2 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    10-3/4 273.1 5.0 4.6 5.4 9.0 10.1 11.2 12.1 12.9 14.0 15.1 17.3
    7.0 6.5 7.5 12.6 13.9 15.7 17.0 18.1 19.6 20.7 20.7
    10.0 9.2 10.8 18.1 19.9 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    12-3/4 323.9 5.0 3.9 4.5 7.6 8.4 9.4 10.2 10.9 11.8 12.7 14.6
    7.0 5.5 6.5 10.7 11.8 13.2 14.3 15.2 16.5 17.8 20.4
    10.0 7.8 9.1 15.2 16.8 18.9 20.5 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
      (325.0) 5.0 3.9 4.5 7.6 8.4 9.4 10.2 10.9 11.8 12.7 14.5
    7.0 5.4 6.3 10.6 11.7 13.2 14.3 15.2 16.5 17.8 20.3
    10.0 7.8 9.0 15.2 16.7 18.8 20.4 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    13-3/8 339.7 5.0 3.7 4.3 7.3 8.0 9.0 9.8 10.4 11.3 12.1 13.9
    8.0 5.9 6.9 11.6 12.8 14.4 15.6 16.6 18.0 19.4 20.7
    12.0 8.9 10.4 17.4 19.2 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    14 355.6 6.0 4.3 5.0 8.3 9.2 10.3 11.2 11.9 12.9 13.9 15.9
    8.0 5.7 6.6 11.1 12.2 13.8 14.9 15.9 17.2 18.6 20.7
    12.0 8.5 9.9 16.6 18.4 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
      (377.0) 6.0 4.0 4.7 7.8 8.6 9.7 10.6 11.2 12.2 13.1 15.0
    8.0 5.3 6.2 10.5 11.5 13.0 14.1 15.0 16.2 17.5 20.0
    12.0 8.0 9.4 15.7 17.3 19.5 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    16 406.4 6.0 3.7 4.3 7.3 8.0 9.0 9.8 10.4 11.3 12.2 13.9
    8.0 5.0 5.8 9.7 10.7 12.0 13.1 13.9 15.1 16.2 18.6
    12.0 7.4 8.7 14.6 16.1 18.1 19.6 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
      (426.0) 6.0 3.5 4.1 6.9 7.7 8.6 9.3 9.9 10.8 11.6 13.3
    8.0 4.7 5.5 9.3 10.2 11.5 12.5 13.2 14.4 15.5 17.7
    12.0 7.1 8.3 13.9 15.3 17.2 18.7 19.9 20.7 20.7 20.7
    18 457.0 6.0 3.3 3.9 6.5 7.1 8.0 8.7 9.3 10.0 10.8 12.4
    8.0 4.4 5.1 8.6 9.5 10.7 11.6 12.4 13.4 14.4 16.5
    12.0 6.6 7.7 12.9 14.3 16.1 17.4 18.5 20.1 20.7 20.7
    20 508.0 6.0 3.0 3.5 6.2 6.8 7.7 8.3 8.8 9.6 10.3 11.8
    8.0 4.0 4.6 8.2 9.1 10.2 11.1 11.8 12.8 13.7 15.7
    12.0 6.0 6.9 12.3 13.6 15.3 16.6 17.6 19.1 20.6 20.7
    16.0 7.9 9.3 16.4 18.1 20.4 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
      (529.0) 6.0 2.9 3.3 5.9 6.5 7.3 8.0 8.5 9.2 9.9 11.3
    9.0 4.3 5.0 8.9 9.8 11.0 11.9 12.7 13.8 14.9 17.0
    12.0 5.7 6.7 11.8 13.1 14.7 15.9 16.9 18.4 19.8 20.7
    14.0 6.7 7.8 13.8 15.2 17.1 18.6 19.8 20.7 20.7 20.7
    16.0 7.6 8.9 15.8 17.4 19.6 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    22 559.0 6.0 2.7 3.2 5.6 6.2 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.7 9.4 10.7
    9.0 4.1 4.7 8.4 9.3 10.4 11.3 12.0 13.0 14.1 16.1
    12.0 5.4 6.3 11.2 12.4 13.9 15.1 16.0 17.4 18.7 20.7
    14.0 6.3 7.4 13.1 14.4 16.2 17.6 18.7 20.3 20.7 20.7
    19.1 8.6 10.0 17.8 19.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    22.2 10.0 11.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    24 610.0 6.0 2.5 2.9 5.1 5.7 6.4 6.9 7.3 8.0 8.6 9.8
    9.0 3.7 4.3 7.7 8.5 9.6 10.4 11.0 12.0 12.9 14.7
    12.0 5.0 5.8 10.3 11.3 12.7 13.8 14.7 15.9 17.2 19.7
    14.0 5.8 6.8 12.0 13.2 14.9 16.1 17.1 18.6 20.0 20.7
    19.1 7.9 9.1 16.3 17.9 20.2 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    25.4 10.5 12.0 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
      (630.0) 6.0 2.4 2.8 5.0 5.5 6.2 6.7 7.1 7.7 8.3 9.5
    9.0 3.6 4.2 7.5 8.2 9.3 10.0 10.7 11.6 12.5 14.3
    12.0 4.8 5.6 9.9 11.0 12.3 13.4 14.2 15.4 16.6 19.0
    16.0 6.4 7.5 13.3 14.6 16.5 17.8 19.0 20.6 20.7 20.7
    19.1 7.6 8.9 15.8 17.5 19.6 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7
    25.4 10.2 11.9 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7

    Kala duwanaansho loogu talagalay codsiyada warshadaha:

    1. Warshadaha Saliida iyo Gaaska:

    Tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa qaybta saliidda iyo gaaska sababtoo ah awooddooda ay u leeyihiin inay u adkaystaan ​​​​cadaadis aad u daran iyo xaaladaha deegaanka ee adag. Tuubooyinka gaadiidka, tuubooyinkani si wax ku ool ah oo hufan ayay saliidda iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah ugu qaadaan masaafooyin dheer halka iska caabbintooda daxalka ay hubinayso jiritaanka qaab-dhismeedka muddada dheer.

    2. Maareynta Biyaha iyo Wasakhda:

    Nidaamyada maaraynta biyaha iyo wasakhda, tuubooyinka laalaaban ee wareegsan waxay bixiyaan xal lagu kalsoonaan karo. Dhismahooda adag waxay u oggolaanayaan inay maareeyaan socodka biyaha ee cadaadiska sare leh iyagoo si hufan u haya qashinka. Intaa waxaa dheer, iska caabbintooda daxalka waxay hubineysaa cimri dheer, waxay yareysaa kharashyada dayactirka waxayna yareysaa khataraha deegaanka.

    3. Dhismaha kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha:

    Tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, waana qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhismaha buundooyinka, aasaaska tuulista iyo godadka dhulka hoostiisa mara. Sababtoo ah awooddooda qaab-dhismeedka oo sareysa, waxay awood u leeyihiin inay u adkeystaan ​​​​culeysyo culus, dhaqdhaqaaqa dhulgariirka iyo imtixaanka waqtiga. Kala-duwanaanshahan ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon taageeridda mashaariicda kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ee waara oo ammaan ah.

    Tuubbo loogu talagalay Khadka Biyaha Dhulka hoostiisa mara

    Faa'iidooyinka tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee wareegsan:

    1. Xoogga iyo cimri dhererka:

    Tuubooyinka laalaada ee wareegsan waxay leeyihiin xoog aad u fiican waxayna u adkeysan karaan cadaadiska, shoogga iyo gariirka. Waxaa loo sameeyay si loo hubiyo in walbahaarka si siman loogu qaybiyo dhererka tuubada oo dhan, taasoo kor u qaadaysa hufnaanta qaab-dhismeedka.

    2. Iska caabbinta daxalka:

    Tuubooyinka alxanka wareegsan leh waxay leeyihiin iska caabin aad u fiican oo daxalka ah iyagoo adeegsanaya agab galvanized ama dahaar leh. Hantidani waxay u oggolaanaysaa inay u adkeystaan ​​xaaladaha ciidda ee daxalka leh, soo-gaadhista kiimikada iyo xaaladaha cimilada ee daran, taasoo ka dhigaysa xal ku habboon muddada dheer ee loo adeegsado noocyo kala duwan.

    3. Waxtarka kharash-oolnimada:

    Awoodda lagu soo saari karo tuubooyinka laalaada ee mug weyn leh iyo cabbirro waaweyn ayaa yareeya kharashka shaqada marka loo eego hababka kale ee wax soo saarka tuubooyinka, taasoo ka dhigaysa ikhtiyaar kharash-ool ah oo loogu talagalay mashaariicda ganacsiga iyo warshadaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, shuruudaha dayactirka oo hooseeya iyo cimri dhererkeedu waxay sii kordhinayaan jiritaanka dhaqaale ee shirkadda.

    Gunaanad ahaan:

    In kasta oo inta badan la iska indho tiro, tuubooyinka alxanka leh ee wareegsan waxay u qalmaan aqoonsi ku aaddan kala duwanaansho heer sare ah oo ay ku leeyihiin codsiyada warshadaha kala duwan. Xooggooda, cimrigooda iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ayaa ka dhigaya xulasho lagu kalsoonaan karo oo loogu talagalay mashaariicda kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, taasoo hubinaysa daacadnimada muddada dheer. Adduun ay ku kalsoon tahay iyo hufnaantoodu ay aad muhiim u yihiin, mucjisooyinkan injineernimada waxay sii wadaan inay taageeraan oo ay horumariyaan qaybaha muhiimka ah sida saliidda iyo gaaska, maaraynta biyaha iyo horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha.

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